How Do I Get 4D Ultrasound Scan?

Halos 1 sa 8 kababaihan ng E.U. ang magkakaroon ng nagsasalakay na kanser sa suso habang nabubuhay sila. Ito ang pangalawang nangungunang sanhi ng pagkamatay ng kanser para sa mga kababaihan sa U. S. Ang ultrasound imaging ay isang diskarteng medikal na imaging na ginamit para sa pag-screen ng cancer sa suso. Sa Insight, nagtrabaho ako sa isang proyekto sa pagkonsulta sa isang lokal na kumpanya ng pagsisimula na bumuo ng isang awtomatiko, portable, at masusuot na ultrasound imaging platform na pinapayagan ang mga gumagamit na magsagawa ng sariling pagsubaybay sa kalusugan sa suso. Ang layunin ng proyekto ay ang awtomatikong makita ang mga malignant sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Sa blog na ito, inilalarawan ni Ill kung paano gumagamit ng segmentasyon ng proyektong ito upang makita ang mga sugat sa isang imahe, at pag-uuri upang makita kung ang mga sugat na iyon ay banayad o malignant. Ang paunang pagproseso ng data Para sa gawain ng segmentasyon, ang mga radiologist ay iginuhit ang mga contour sa paligid ng mga sugat sa 240 pares ng mga hilaw na imahe. Ang mga rehiyon sa loob ng contour ay na-highlight sa mga imahe ng maskara (tingnan ang imahe sa itaas). Para sa gawain sa pag-uuri, mayroon akong halos balanseng impormasyon para sa mabuti at malignant na mga kaso. Bago gamitin ang hilaw na data para sa pagsasanay, sila ay paunang naproseso tulad ng ipinakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Ang mga hilaw na imahe ay sinala upang sugpuin ang ingay, pagkatapos ay pinahusay ang kaibahan sa mga imahe. Dahil ang dataset ay maliit, ang pagpapalaki ay ginanap sa mga imahe, tulad ng pahalang na paglipat ng imahe, pag-ikot at iba pang mga pagpapapangit. Sa wakas, ang mga imahe ay na-crop sa parehong laki. Sapagkat ang ilang mga pasyente ay may maraming mga imahe sa dataset, ang data ay pinaghiwalay, ng pasyente, sa tatlong bahagi: pagsasanay (80%), pagpapatunay (10%), at pagsubok (10%). (AWS) Mga pagkakataon ng EC2. Ang pag-andar ng pagkawala na ginamit ay isinalarawan sa pigura sa ibaba, na may A na kumakatawan sa lupang katotohanan (manwal na may label na maskara) at B na kumakatawan sa modelo na nabuo ng maskara. Kung ang maskara mula sa modelo ay ganap na off, kung gayon ang intersection / unyon ratio ay 0 Kung ang mga ito ay ganap na nagsasapawan, kung gayon ang ratio ay 1. Ang nagresultang imahe (sa ibaba) ay nagpapakita ng lupang katotohanan sa asul, na may pulang contour na nabuo ng modelo. Ang balangkas ng kahon sa ibaba ay nagpapakita ng isang buod ng mga resulta ng pagsubok. Ang average na ratio ng intersection / unyon ay 0 74, na nangangahulugang, sa average, mayroong 74% na overlap sa pagitan ng target na maskara at ng ating output ng hula. Ang ratio ng baseline ay 0.06, at kinakalkula sa pamamagitan ng pag-aakalang ang modelo ay sapalaran lamang na hulaan. Sa kasong ito, ang intersection ay kalahati ng laki ng average na laki ng mask, at ang unyon ay kalahati ng laki ng buong imahe. Pag-uuri Kapag binabasa ng isang radiologist ang isang imahe ng ultrasound, una niyang kinilala ang rehiyon ng sugat sa imahe, pagkatapos ay tinitingnan ang parehong rehiyon ng sugat at mga nakapaligid na rehiyon para sa iba't ibang mga uri ng tampok upang makagawa ng desisyon. Dito, nagtayo kami ng isang modelo upang gayahin ang prosesong ito. Ang arkitektura ng modelo para sa pag-uuri ay ipinapakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Dahil walang magagamit na maskara sa ibinigay na dataset ng pag-uuri, ang mga maskara ay nabuo gamit ang modelo sa nakaraang hakbang ng segmentasyon. Ang mga hilaw na imahe ay naipasa sa mga convolutional layer upang ang modelo ay maaaring matuto ng isang hanay ng mga filter upang kumuha ng mga tampok. Ang maskara ay nagbigay ng rehiyon ng interes at, pagkatapos, dumaan ito sa mga convolutional layer na may parehong bilang ng mga filter tulad ng sangay ng imahe. Para sa bawat filter sa sangay ng imahe, mayroong isang kaukulang filter sa sangay ng maskara. Ang ilang mga filter sa sangay ng imahe ay mahalaga sa pagkuha ng mga tampok mula sa rehiyon ng sugat, habang ang iba ay mahalaga sa pagkuha ng mga tampok mula sa background na rehiyon ng imahe. Ang mga filter sa sangay ng mask ay maaaring sanayin upang timbangin ang dalawang rehiyon na ito nang magkakaiba para sa mga tampok na natutunan sa sangay ng imahe. Ang dalawang piraso ng impormasyon na ito ay pinagsama at pinakain sa mga convolutional layer, pagkatapos ay ganap na konektado na mga layer, upang makabuo ng mga resulta. Upang makita kung ano ang natutunan ng modelo pagkatapos ng pagsasanay, pinakain namin ito ng isang nakapirming maskara at isang blangkong imahe na may puting ingay, tulad ng ipinakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Upang makabuo ng isang imahe na kumakatawan sa mga malignant na tampok na natutunan, hinayaan namin ang modelo na baguhin ang blangkong imahe upang ang posibilidad ng malignancy ay ma-maximize (hanggang halos 1). Ang sumusunod na pigura ay nagpapakita ng dalawang halimbawa ng nabuo na mga imahe mula sa modelo. Mula sa mga imaheng ito, maaari naming obserbahan ang ilang mga bagay: Parehong rehiyon ng sugat at kalapit na rehiyon ay nag-aambag sa pag-uuri. Ang mga rehiyon ng sugat ay mas mahalaga, dahil ang karamihan sa mga tampok ay nakatuon sa loob ng mga rehiyon na ito. Makikita natin na ang modelo ay naghanap ng iba't ibang mga tampok para sa dalawang rehiyon na ito. Ipinapakita nito na ang modelo ay talagang natutunan kung saan at kung ano ang hahanapin sa mga imahe. Ang mga resulta ng dataset ng pagsubok ay ipinapakita sa sumusunod na matrix ng pagkalito. Ang modelo ay na-optimize para sa pagpapabalik upang mabawasan ang maling negatibo. Ang kawastuhan ng pagsubok ng modelo ay 0 79 at ang pagpapabalik ay 0.85 sa data ng pagsubok. Discussion Sa proyektong ito, gumamit ako ng malalim na mga diskarte sa pag-aaral upang awtomatikong makita ang mga rehiyon ng sugat at uriin ang sugat, na maaaring magkaroon ng parehong mga benepisyo sa gastos at pag-save ng oras. Sa kasalukuyan, ang mga pasyente ay dapat gumawa ng mga appointment sa mga tekniko ng ultrasound at manggagamot, na kapwa gumugugol ng oras at magastos. Upang mabawasan ang gastos, ang pagsasama ng aparato at mode ay maaaring mabawasan ang proseso ng manu-manong kasangkot. Ang isang pagtatantya ng pagbawas sa proseso ng manu-mano ay maaaring magbigay ng isang dami na naihatid para sa proyektong ito. Ang equation na ginamit upang tantyahin ang proseso ng manu-mano ay ipinapakita sa mga sumusunod: Ang positibong rate ng klase ay ang pagkalat ng cancer sa suso, na humigit-kumulang 12%. Ang pagpapabalik ay maaaring maitakda sa 1 sa pamamagitan ng pag-aayos ng threshold ng modelo. Dahil ang rate ng klase sa pagsasanay ay naiiba kaysa sa rate ng pagkalat, ang katumpakan mula sa modelo ay naayos. Ang tinatayang porsyento ay tungkol sa 26%, na nangangahulugang ang pagsasama ng aparato at modelo ay maaaring mabawasan ang 74% ng gastos para sa mga gumagamit. Mga konklusyon Ang malalim na modelo ng pag-aaral na binuo sa proyektong ito ay maaaring awtomatikong makita ang mga sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama-sama ng modelo sa portable scanner, maaari itong makagawa ng mga paulit-ulit na imahe at payagan ang mga gumagamit na subaybayan ang kanilang mga pagbabago sa kalusugan sa paglipas ng panahon, batay sa kanilang sariling baseline, para sa tamang diagnosis sa tamang oras. Si Qin Miao ay isang Insight Health Data Science Fellow noong 2019. Nagtataglay siya ng PhD sa bioengineering. Sa Insight, nagtayo siya ng malalim na mga modelo ng pag-aaral na maaaring awtomatikong makita ang mga sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Interesado ka bang magtrabaho sa mga proyekto na may mataas na epekto at paglipat sa isang karera sa data? Mag-sign upang malaman ang higit pa tungkol sa mga programa ng Insight Fellows at simulan ang iyong aplikasyon ngayon

about 6-7 weeks is the earliest you can se anything, with an internal ultrasound1. how soon can you tell the sex of your baby with a 3d 4d ultrasound scan?i think you will need to wait a bit longer. i just found out at 15wks 4 days that i am having a little boy and it was definately clear and it wasnt a 3d/4d scan either. so i would say within a month you should probably be able to find out.2. Does Ultrasound Scan result determine Due date?Ultrasounds are meant to be the main precise thank you to foretell a due day...yet this nevertheless is not maximum suitable. It additionally relies upon on how early your ultrasound become finished. the faster the ultrasound, the extra precise...as all toddlers start up a similar length, yet as time passes, toddlers improve at different expenditures. while you are somewhat nerve-racking approximately your length, talk on your ob/gyn and ask for yet another ultrasound. ..with 3-D US they could are looking forward to how super your toddler is on the instant time. additionally look ahead to swelling, you are gaining water weight that's an illustration of pre eclampsia3. My baby's gender??? Ultrasound scan???!!!?Hah. You said 5 weeks in the first line and I thought your ultrasound technician must be INSANE!! But now that I see it's actually 15 weeks, then I would say there's a good chance she is correct. If she got a really great view, then she probably would have been able to see the "boy parts" forming. However, 14-15 weeks is still a little too soon, so I would not go out buying pink until you get it confirmed at 18-20 weeks!.4. hi ive been told in my ultrasound scan that im expecting a baby boy.they could see the testicles and penis?i went for my 4 month check-up & my ultrasounds showed the baby's penis & testes...i saw 4 myself as well...5. My wife is 23 weeks pregnant and had an ultrasound scan today.Some questions?If there was a major immediate concern, the tech would have set you up to see somebody about it right away - so do not worry about that. I do not know about all of those specific stats, but I will tell you what I DO know. The heartbeat is fine...the norm can be from 120 to 170. 475 grams is about 1.05 lbs which is fine. Liquor means amniotic fluid, and 18 is a good number (it should be between 5 and 24). That is all I can tell you about. Your doctor will most likely go over the ultrasound results with you at some point (even when they are normal) and you can ask him/her more specific questions at that time.6. When I had my ultrasound scan the hospital policy was not to tell you the sex of the baby.?I would question whether or not you want to have your baby at a hospital like this. I have never heard of such a thing!7. What can they tell from a 2nd ultrasound scan?they test that through bloodwork....meaning the baby's. so they get amniotic fluid or cord blood...very invasive but optional8. What is the meaning of the following terms from an expecting mother's recent ultrasound scan report:?I would call the hospital or your doctor for an explanation of what you do not understand from the ultrasound report, they have the experience and the expertise to tell you what this all means9. What does it mean that my wife's twins have different gestational ages? She is currently pregnant with twins, and on each ultrasound scan it is shown that one is a week older than the other. When I ask doctors they themselves are baffled.Gestational age is age in gestational weeks determined by measures of fetus which most fetuses (or in average) develop in that week of pregnancy.It could be that one twin develops a little bit faster than the other. Or that one is concieved qnd implanted a few days after than the other. I do not know if difference in one week is significant - it does not have to mean anything particular. -> You need to ask the doctor about that, if it is anything important, and which could be the reasons.Try to relax; enjoy pregnancy with your wife.

FHM = FETAL HEART MOTION FM = I AM UNSURE ABOUT BPD = BI-PARIETAL DIAMETER( A MEASURE ACROSS THE BABIES HEAD) FL = FEMUR LENGTH (LENGTH OF THIGH BONE) AC = ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE (MEASUREMENT AROUND BABY'S ABDOMEN)) HC = HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE(MEASUREMENT AROUND BABY'S HEAD1. If baby is positioned at back of uterus can it be missed on ultrasound scan in the second trimester?Agree with the answers you have so far. Our "cheapie" ultrasound machine that I use on a regular basis has a maximum depth of 35cm, or a little over a foot. In most patients, with a bit of pressure, I can see everything between their belly skin and their backbone. If you look at the image in Liang-Hai Sie's answer you can see the "depth gauge" on the left side. Mom's belly skin is at the top of the image (0) and the baby goes to a depth of about 10cm. Now, that said, sometimes the positioning of the baby makes it hard to see exactly what you want to see (for example, that perfect profile of the face that moms love to see) but it's impossible to miss the whole baby2. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?i had a friend with the same but was told was a girl, gave birth to a boy. never asume till it born i say as long as healthy that all that matters3. how soon can you tell the sex of your baby with a 3d 4d ultrasound scan?In the fifth month4. hi ive been told in my ultrasound scan that im expecting a baby boy.they could see the testicles and penis?The ultra sound is never 100% accurate and there have been mistaken identities (if you know what I mean) but most of the time they are correct. My son's "junk" was clear as day. Did you get a print out of it?5. Does Ultrasound Scan result determine Due date?due dates are just guestimates. hey can be /- 2 weeks. 1 weeks difference isnt that big of a deal6. What does it mean that my wife's twins have different gestational ages? She is currently pregnant with twins, and on each ultrasound scan it is shown that one is a week older than the other. When I ask doctors they themselves are baffled.It may be that one is simply larger than the other. I knew a woman who was pregnant in two uteri at the same time a few weeks apart in gestational age7. What can they tell from a 2nd ultrasound scan?They can not see if your baby has down syndrome or anything like that, only physical handicaps. At the 12 weeks scan they can test for down syndrome by measuring the thickness of the back of the neck, doubled with a blood test. This neck fold test can only be done between weeks 11-14 I think....but they are not accurate and can only give you an indication on how likely you are to have a down syndrome baby. If they think you are very likely they will offer you to do an amnio test, which is your option as there are some risks to the baby as they put a needle into the sack to take blood from the baby. Saying all this you are much more likely to have a healthy baby than an unhealthy one and even the foot might have just looked funny on the scan. They really can not see everything 100% accurate. They even get the sex of the baby wrong every now and then.8. First ultrasound scan yesterday, why is my baby measuring so big?Some people just have big babies! But also, some babies grow more rapidly at times than most but it usually levels out. Another explanation is the sonographer may have made a mistake. I would not be too worried about it, With my daughter the whole pregnancy they kept telling me how big she is and how she was going to be 7or 8 pounds at birth(i was told this at 38 weeks). when she was born at 39 weeks she was 5 pounds 9 ounces and boy did the ultrasound tech have a red face!

Ultrasounds are meant to be the main precise thank you to foretell a due day...yet this nonetheless is not right. It additionally relies upon on how early your ultrasound replaced into achieved. the quicker the ultrasound, the extra precise. ..as all little ones commence a similar length, yet as time passes, little ones strengthen at distinctive expenditures. in case you are somewhat aggravating approximately your length, communicate on your ob/gyn and ask for yet another ultrasound...with 3-d US they could assume how great your infant is at present time. additionally look ahead to swelling, you may properly be gaining water weight that's a demonstration of pre eclampsia1. What can they tell from a 2nd ultrasound scan?From doing the ultrasound, and they said that everything is fine, I would not worry, and trust in them that everything is fine and that baby is healthy, if you want to find out about Downs Syndrome or Spina Bifida, then they would have to do an amnio to find out, they would have to get fluid samples from the Amnio Sac that is surrounding the baby to determine weather the baby has Downs Syndrome or Spina Bifida2. My wife is 23 weeks pregnant and had an ultrasound scan today.Some questions?all i know is the heartbeat looks good! if the dr did not say anything then i would not worry. they would tell you then and there if something was off3. Heat felt on skin during ultrasound scan?Ultrasound uses sound waves rather than ionizing radiation cause by other imaging studies (and linked to cancer, etc). It is generally considered safe. And, yes, it causes the skin to elevated in temperature slightly and can induce a very mild inflammatory response. Most women would do not notice this, but some (like you) do. It might feel a bit warm, but definitely not "hot"...and is no harm to you or your baby. Not everybody in the world (i.e. medical orginazations) believe ultrasound to be completely safe, but it is currently considered safe enough to be standard of care in the U.S. because the benefits it brings FAR outweigh minimal (if any) risks (that is, for one dating ultrasound around 20 weeks). Having tons of ultrasounds during pregnancy is still probably safe, but not considered to be a very wise idea...especially if there is no medical reason for the ultrasound. But the warmth you felt is quite common and harmless. You can check out the link below, too...if you want more information... Hope this helps some...4. What is the meaning of the following terms from an expecting mother's recent ultrasound scan report:?all i know is hc is head circumfrence5. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?No, While the only 100% way of knowing the gender is Amniocentesis, the image of the labia and the image of the scrotum and penis are too different looking images6. When I had my ultrasound scan the hospital policy was not to tell you the sex of the baby.?You do not really need to know the sex of the baby. You can just wait till you give birth. If you are preparing the name, you can just prepare a boy's name and a girl's name. :)7. How do i get 4D ultrasound scan?Insurance companies do not often cover these tests, so if you want to have one done you need to do it privately. Find a clinic that specializes in them and tell them you are going in as a private patient (which probably is the majority of the people they see anyways) and ask how much it would cost. If you can afford it (because I've heard they are a little expensive, do not get me wrong!) then you can schedule the appointment on your own. I would personally suggest that you do it when you are at least 20 weeks pregnant so that you can clearly make out the babies features and sex (since it may be the only one you get during the pregnancy, it would be best to get the most out of it!) Good luck, and congratulations!8. 6 weeks ultrasound scan only sac shown???I think you need to talk to your doctor. Your doctor should have actually mentioned something to you prior to this happening. You might not get serious answers on here. Some ppl will just say anything, even something dumb just to get points. CALL YOUR DOCTOR ASAP.

Trust the professionals, you do not want to get all nervous about the answers you may get from someone who knows nothing their talking about. If the doctor did not say anything regarding the babies health i am sure he/she is fine. Everything from what i have researched is in the normal range. Internal os which is the opening of the cervix inside the uterine cavity. Not to do with the baby1. What can they tell from a 2nd ultrasound scan?From doing the ultrasound, and they said that everything is fine, I would not worry, and trust in them that everything is fine and that baby is healthy, if you want to find out about Downs Syndrome or Spina Bifida, then they would have to do an amnio to find out, they would have to get fluid samples from the Amnio Sac that is surrounding the baby to determine weather the baby has Downs Syndrome or Spina Bifida2. 15 Week Ultrasound Scan Picture Gender / Sex - Boy or Girl?Too early to tell unfortunately. I would guess girl, though you can not really see much. Go with your mommy instinct. I got a wrong reading too early for a girl and it turned out to be a boy. Mommy instinct always said boy3. How accurate is an ultrasound scan for determining number of pups expected at 7.5 weeks (53days) pregnant?Ultrasounds are really only good for confirming a pregnancy. It is extremely hard to get an accurate count of puppies with an ultrasound. If you are just wanting to know how many, you would get the most accurate count by waiting a few more days and then having her xrayed. The count still may be off, but it is much more accurate than an ultrasound. Each dog carries puppies differently. I've seen female dogs have big litters that really were not that big and females that got pretty big but only had a few puppies.4. How do i get 4D ultrasound scan?Insurance companies do not often cover these tests, so if you want to have one done you need to do it privately. Find a clinic that specializes in them and tell them you are going in as a private patient (which probably is the majority of the people they see anyways) and ask how much it would cost. If you can afford it (because I've heard they are a little expensive, do not get me wrong!) then you can schedule the appointment on your own. I would personally suggest that you do it when you are at least 20 weeks pregnant so that you can clearly make out the babies features and sex (since it may be the only one you get during the pregnancy, it would be best to get the most out of it!) Good luck, and congratulations!5. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?i had a friend with the same but was told was a girl, gave birth to a boy. never asume till it born i say as long as healthy that all that matters6. What does it mean that my wife's twins have different gestational ages? She is currently pregnant with twins, and on each ultrasound scan it is shown that one is a week older than the other. When I ask doctors they themselves are baffled.It may be that one is simply larger than the other. I knew a woman who was pregnant in two uteri at the same time a few weeks apart in gestational age7. What is the meaning of the following terms from an expecting mother's recent ultrasound scan report:?all i know is hc is head circumfrence8. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?No, While the only 100% way of knowing the gender is Amniocentesis, the image of the labia and the image of the scrotum and penis are too different looking images9. how soon can you tell the sex of your baby with a 3d 4d ultrasound scan?the genitals are starting to form, but not enough for you to be able to tell. you can usually be pretty sure around 16 or 18 weeks

IF she is having a small litter you would be wise to have the x-ray done around day 58. Your vet has to measure those skulls vs the size of her pelvis, especially with a first litter. I am actually surprised that they would have opted for ultrasound at this stage.1. Heat felt on skin during ultrasound scan?Ultrasound uses sound waves rather than ionizing radiation cause by other imaging studies (and linked to cancer, etc). It is generally considered safe. And, yes, it causes the skin to elevated in temperature slightly and can induce a very mild inflammatory response. Most women would do not notice this, but some (like you) do. It might feel a bit warm, but definitely not "hot"...and is no harm to you or your baby. Not everybody in the world (i.e. medical orginazations) believe ultrasound to be completely safe, but it is currently considered safe enough to be standard of care in the U.S. because the benefits it brings FAR outweigh minimal (if any) risks (that is, for one dating ultrasound around 20 weeks). Having tons of ultrasounds during pregnancy is still probably safe, but not considered to be a very wise idea...especially if there is no medical reason for the ultrasound. But the warmth you felt is quite common and harmless. You can check out the link below, too...if you want more information... Hope this helps some...2. If baby is positioned at back of uterus can it be missed on ultrasound scan in the second trimester?No. Except in the first few weeks of pregnancy , the baby can never be missed on ultrasound . In the second trimester , no chance . The scan sees right up to the posterior end of the uterus . If in such doubt , rethink your diagnosis . Good luck !3. hi ive been told in my ultrasound scan that im expecting a baby boy.they could see the testicles and penis?i have 3 boys and with all the ultrasounds, we could clearly see both testicles and penis4. How to convert a Voluson 4D ultrasound scan (.V00 file) to a video?Assuming you've exported a Voluson file without compression enabled (Wavelet = 'Off') and with the Volume/Raw File selected... try using this script to see if your data is in third-party DICOM format. This does not reconstruct the data into a useable format but does show if you can access the element data.5. What is the meaning of the following terms from an expecting mother's recent ultrasound scan report:?I would call the hospital or your doctor for an explanation of what you do not understand from the ultrasound report, they have the experience and the expertise to tell you what this all means6. 6 weeks ultrasound scan only sac shown???Does not sound like a viable pregnancy but if you had the US I guess your doctor already told you this? Have you had your thyroid checked to see if it's out of whack? 14 MC's is way more than "normal", good luck. Get your thyroid checked7. Does Ultrasound Scan result determine Due date?yea ultrasound can determine your due date but is just an estimate and they can be actually off between a week or two from the weeks you actually are because of the measurements but you should not worry if its not more than 3 weeks less than what you are supposed to be8. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?when my mum was pregnant with my sister the doctors thought she was a boy. oh but my mum had not been pregnant for 11 years, so i can not really help you there. : ]9. can a girl be mistaken for a boy in a ultrasound scan?yes a little girl can be mistaken for a boy, or vise versa. if there is not a clear shot of the baby between the legs. and if the baby does not want to cooperate. hopefully they did not make a mistake when i had my ultra sound, told me i was having a little girl at 30 weeks. she seemed to be cooperating at the time of the ultra sound

Halos 1 sa 8 kababaihan ng E.U. ang magkakaroon ng nagsasalakay na kanser sa suso habang nabubuhay sila. Ito ang pangalawang nangungunang sanhi ng pagkamatay ng kanser para sa mga kababaihan sa U. S. Ang ultrasound imaging ay isang diskarteng medikal na imaging na ginamit para sa pag-screen ng cancer sa suso. Sa Insight, nagtrabaho ako sa isang proyekto sa pagkonsulta sa isang lokal na kumpanya ng pagsisimula na bumuo ng isang awtomatiko, portable, at masusuot na ultrasound imaging platform na pinapayagan ang mga gumagamit na magsagawa ng sariling pagsubaybay sa kalusugan sa suso. Ang layunin ng proyekto ay ang awtomatikong makita ang mga malignant sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Sa blog na ito, inilalarawan ni Ill kung paano gumagamit ng segmentasyon ng proyektong ito upang makita ang mga sugat sa isang imahe, at pag-uuri upang makita kung ang mga sugat na iyon ay banayad o malignant. Ang paunang pagproseso ng data Para sa gawain ng segmentasyon, ang mga radiologist ay iginuhit ang mga contour sa paligid ng mga sugat sa 240 pares ng mga hilaw na imahe. Ang mga rehiyon sa loob ng contour ay na-highlight sa mga imahe ng maskara (tingnan ang imahe sa itaas). Para sa gawain sa pag-uuri, mayroon akong halos balanseng impormasyon para sa mabuti at malignant na mga kaso. Bago gamitin ang hilaw na data para sa pagsasanay, sila ay paunang naproseso tulad ng ipinakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Ang mga hilaw na imahe ay sinala upang sugpuin ang ingay, pagkatapos ay pinahusay ang kaibahan sa mga imahe. Dahil ang dataset ay maliit, ang pagpapalaki ay ginanap sa mga imahe, tulad ng pahalang na paglipat ng imahe, pag-ikot at iba pang mga pagpapapangit. Sa wakas, ang mga imahe ay na-crop sa parehong laki. Sapagkat ang ilang mga pasyente ay may maraming mga imahe sa dataset, ang data ay pinaghiwalay, ng pasyente, sa tatlong bahagi: pagsasanay (80%), pagpapatunay (10%), at pagsubok (10%). (AWS) Mga pagkakataon ng EC2. Ang pag-andar ng pagkawala na ginamit ay isinalarawan sa pigura sa ibaba, na may A na kumakatawan sa lupang katotohanan (manwal na may label na maskara) at B na kumakatawan sa modelo na nabuo ng maskara. Kung ang maskara mula sa modelo ay ganap na off, kung gayon ang intersection / unyon ratio ay 0 Kung ang mga ito ay ganap na nagsasapawan, kung gayon ang ratio ay 1. Ang nagresultang imahe (sa ibaba) ay nagpapakita ng lupang katotohanan sa asul, na may pulang contour na nabuo ng modelo. Ang balangkas ng kahon sa ibaba ay nagpapakita ng isang buod ng mga resulta ng pagsubok. Ang average na ratio ng intersection / unyon ay 0 74, na nangangahulugang, sa average, mayroong 74% na overlap sa pagitan ng target na maskara at ng ating output ng hula. Ang ratio ng baseline ay 0.06, at kinakalkula sa pamamagitan ng pag-aakalang ang modelo ay sapalaran lamang na hulaan. Sa kasong ito, ang intersection ay kalahati ng laki ng average na laki ng mask, at ang unyon ay kalahati ng laki ng buong imahe. Pag-uuri Kapag binabasa ng isang radiologist ang isang imahe ng ultrasound, una niyang kinilala ang rehiyon ng sugat sa imahe, pagkatapos ay tinitingnan ang parehong rehiyon ng sugat at mga nakapaligid na rehiyon para sa iba't ibang mga uri ng tampok upang makagawa ng desisyon. Dito, nagtayo kami ng isang modelo upang gayahin ang prosesong ito. Ang arkitektura ng modelo para sa pag-uuri ay ipinapakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Dahil walang magagamit na maskara sa ibinigay na dataset ng pag-uuri, ang mga maskara ay nabuo gamit ang modelo sa nakaraang hakbang ng segmentasyon. Ang mga hilaw na imahe ay naipasa sa mga convolutional layer upang ang modelo ay maaaring matuto ng isang hanay ng mga filter upang kumuha ng mga tampok. Ang maskara ay nagbigay ng rehiyon ng interes at, pagkatapos, dumaan ito sa mga convolutional layer na may parehong bilang ng mga filter tulad ng sangay ng imahe. Para sa bawat filter sa sangay ng imahe, mayroong isang kaukulang filter sa sangay ng maskara. Ang ilang mga filter sa sangay ng imahe ay mahalaga sa pagkuha ng mga tampok mula sa rehiyon ng sugat, habang ang iba ay mahalaga sa pagkuha ng mga tampok mula sa background na rehiyon ng imahe. Ang mga filter sa sangay ng mask ay maaaring sanayin upang timbangin ang dalawang rehiyon na ito nang magkakaiba para sa mga tampok na natutunan sa sangay ng imahe. Ang dalawang piraso ng impormasyon na ito ay pinagsama at pinakain sa mga convolutional layer, pagkatapos ay ganap na konektado na mga layer, upang makabuo ng mga resulta. Upang makita kung ano ang natutunan ng modelo pagkatapos ng pagsasanay, pinakain namin ito ng isang nakapirming maskara at isang blangkong imahe na may puting ingay, tulad ng ipinakita sa sumusunod na pigura. Upang makabuo ng isang imahe na kumakatawan sa mga malignant na tampok na natutunan, hinayaan namin ang modelo na baguhin ang blangkong imahe upang ang posibilidad ng malignancy ay ma-maximize (hanggang halos 1). Ang sumusunod na pigura ay nagpapakita ng dalawang halimbawa ng nabuo na mga imahe mula sa modelo. Mula sa mga imaheng ito, maaari naming obserbahan ang ilang mga bagay: Parehong rehiyon ng sugat at kalapit na rehiyon ay nag-aambag sa pag-uuri. Ang mga rehiyon ng sugat ay mas mahalaga, dahil ang karamihan sa mga tampok ay nakatuon sa loob ng mga rehiyon na ito. Makikita natin na ang modelo ay naghanap ng iba't ibang mga tampok para sa dalawang rehiyon na ito. Ipinapakita nito na ang modelo ay talagang natutunan kung saan at kung ano ang hahanapin sa mga imahe. Ang mga resulta ng dataset ng pagsubok ay ipinapakita sa sumusunod na matrix ng pagkalito. Ang modelo ay na-optimize para sa pagpapabalik upang mabawasan ang maling negatibo. Ang kawastuhan ng pagsubok ng modelo ay 0 79 at ang pagpapabalik ay 0.85 sa data ng pagsubok. Discussion Sa proyektong ito, gumamit ako ng malalim na mga diskarte sa pag-aaral upang awtomatikong makita ang mga rehiyon ng sugat at uriin ang sugat, na maaaring magkaroon ng parehong mga benepisyo sa gastos at pag-save ng oras. Sa kasalukuyan, ang mga pasyente ay dapat gumawa ng mga appointment sa mga tekniko ng ultrasound at manggagamot, na kapwa gumugugol ng oras at magastos. Upang mabawasan ang gastos, ang pagsasama ng aparato at mode ay maaaring mabawasan ang proseso ng manu-manong kasangkot. Ang isang pagtatantya ng pagbawas sa proseso ng manu-mano ay maaaring magbigay ng isang dami na naihatid para sa proyektong ito. Ang equation na ginamit upang tantyahin ang proseso ng manu-mano ay ipinapakita sa mga sumusunod: Ang positibong rate ng klase ay ang pagkalat ng cancer sa suso, na humigit-kumulang 12%. Ang pagpapabalik ay maaaring maitakda sa 1 sa pamamagitan ng pag-aayos ng threshold ng modelo. Dahil ang rate ng klase sa pagsasanay ay naiiba kaysa sa rate ng pagkalat, ang katumpakan mula sa modelo ay naayos. Ang tinatayang porsyento ay tungkol sa 26%, na nangangahulugang ang pagsasama ng aparato at modelo ay maaaring mabawasan ang 74% ng gastos para sa mga gumagamit. Mga konklusyon Ang malalim na modelo ng pag-aaral na binuo sa proyektong ito ay maaaring awtomatikong makita ang mga sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama-sama ng modelo sa portable scanner, maaari itong makagawa ng mga paulit-ulit na imahe at payagan ang mga gumagamit na subaybayan ang kanilang mga pagbabago sa kalusugan sa paglipas ng panahon, batay sa kanilang sariling baseline, para sa tamang diagnosis sa tamang oras. Si Qin Miao ay isang Insight Health Data Science Fellow noong 2019. Nagtataglay siya ng PhD sa bioengineering. Sa Insight, nagtayo siya ng malalim na mga modelo ng pag-aaral na maaaring awtomatikong makita ang mga sugat sa mga imahe ng ultrasound. Interesado ka bang magtrabaho sa mga proyekto na may mataas na epekto at paglipat sa isang karera sa data? Mag-sign upang malaman ang higit pa tungkol sa mga programa ng Insight Fellows at simulan ang iyong aplikasyon ngayon

A North Shore pet owner got the shock of her life to learn her female cat also had testicles. Along with the discovery of a hermaphrodite cat, other owners have been left perplexed after discovering their pets had consumed anything from a roll of dental floss, compact mirror, blanket, sewing needle to a chicken skewer. These discoveries were among the weirdest PetCare claims received by Southern Cross last year. Lisa Newlands adopted her domestic long haired cat Cameo in 2014 with the reassurance she had been spayed. But at the end of last year, Newlands became suspicious about whether it the standard neutering had worked when her usually feisty cat started befriending a stray male. After Cameo became really sick with a high temperature and stopped eating for the second time in two months, an ultrasound revealed she had a large mass in her stomach area. The ginger cat underwent surgery and for the first time in her vet's 13 year career, she discovered two cancerous testicles in the female feline. Cancerous testicles emit oestrogen, which was why the tom cat was hanging around. "The vet was just bamboozled. She had never seen anything like this in her entire career," Newlands said. Cameo's total vet bill was $2531, but Newlands said fortunately $2013 was covered by pet insurance. Newlands estimated Cameo had racked up almost $10,000 in vet bills since she had owned her because she was notorious for getting in fights with other cats and was grateful most of it had been covered by her pet insurance. Another pet owner also claimed on a hefty $8000 vet bill after their german shepherd cut its leg on a metal shoe rack as it tried to escape from two cats. The traumatic incident resulted in the dog having to undergo two surgeries and receive post operative care. In another case, a labrador retriever went under the knife to remove pieces of a blanket it had eaten from its stomach at a cost of $6000. Another owner commented that they were amazed that the chicken skewer eaten by their miniature poodle came out whole after being endoscopically removed. And a hungry beagle's desire to snaffle up a tasty fruit cake also backfired on it after the raisins caused it to have renal failure. The wee beagle had it's kidneys flushed at the vet. But the list of weird claims gets crazier after a french bulldog ate a whole roll dental floss it had found in a visitor's bag and a Shetland sheepdog had to be treated for munching on dish cloths on two separate occasions. The mischievous mutt managed to escape surgery and was given drugs to help it either poo or vomit the rags out. And it wasn't just playful pooches causing their owners angst, a domestic long haired cat also required surgery to remove a sewing needle it had swallowed and devon rex cat had 46 hair ties surgically removed from its stomach. Both treatments cost their owners more than $2000 each. Southern Cross Pet Insurance general manager Anthony McPhail said everyday, unexpected accidents could end up costing pet owners a lot of money at the veterinary clinic. McPhail said while most of the claims processed were for typical illnesses and routine checks, the ones where pets had managed to eat something they shouldn't have still surprised them. He said the stories could be amusing, but still caused quite a lot of stress to the pet and both its owner and their wallet. "We recommend owners prepare for those unexpected veterinary visits by either setting some money aside or considering pet insurance," McPhail said.

NEW YORK (Reuters) - They're called discreet DNA samples, and the Elk Grove, California, genetic-testing company easyDNA says it can handle many kinds, from toothpicks to tampons. Blood stains from bandages and tampons? Ship them in a paper envelope for paternity, ancestry or health testing. EasyDNA also welcomes cigarette butts (two to four), dental floss ("do not touch the floss with your fingers"), razor clippings, gum, toothpicks, licked stamps and used tissues if the more standard cheek swab or tube of saliva isn't obtainable. If the availability of such services seems like an invitation to mischief or worse - imagine a discarded tissue from a prospective employee being tested to determine whether she's at risk for an expensive disease, for instance - the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues agrees. On Thursday it released a report on privacy concerns triggered by the advent of whole genome sequencing, determining someone's complete DNA make-up. Although sequencing "holds enormous promise for human health and medicine," commission chairwoman Amy Gutmann told reporters on Wednesday, there is a "potential for misuse of this very personal data." "In many states someone can pick up your discarded coffee cup and send it for (DNA) testing," said Gutmann, who is the president of the University of Pennsylvania. "It's not a fantasy to think about how, without baseline privacy protection, people could use this in a way that would be really detrimental," such as by denying someone with a gene that raises their risk of Alzheimer's disease long-term care insurance, or to jack up life insurance premiums for someone with an elevated genetic risk of a deadly cancer that strikes people in middle age. "Those who are willing to share some of the most intimate information about themselves for the sake of medical progress should be assured appropriate confidentiality, for example, about any discovered genetic variations that link to increased likelihood of certain diseases, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, heart disease and schizophrenia," Gutmann said. The commission took on the issue because whole genome sequencing is poised to become part of mainstream medical care, especially by personalizing medical treatments based on a patient's DNA. That has been driven in large part by dramatic cost reductions, from $2.5 billion per genome in the Human Genome Project of the 1990s and early 2000s to $1,000 soon. Several companies, including Illumina Inc. and Life Technology's Ion Torrent division, sell machines that can sequence a genome for a few hundred dollars, but that does not include the analysis to figure out what the string of 3 billion DNA "letters" means. A three-year-old federal law prohibits discrimination in employment or health insurance based on someone's genetic information but does not address other potential misuses of the data. Without such privacy protection, said Gutmann, people may be reluctant to participate in genetic studies that do whole genome sequencing, for fear their genetic data will not be secure and could be used against them. Recommendations from such panels are not binding but have been used as the basis for policy and legislation. One scenario the panel offers is a "contentious spouse" secretly having a DNA sample sequenced and using it in a custody battle "as evidence of unfitness to parent," perhaps because the DNA showed a genetic risk for mental illness or alcoholism. There are no federal laws against that. Or, the panel said, DNA information might be posted in a social networking site "by a malicious stranger or acquaintance," possibly hurting someone's "chance of finding a spouse, achieving standing in a community, or pursuing a desired career path." The bioethics panel recommends a dozen forms of privacy protection, including that "surreptitious commercial testing" be banned: No gene sequencing or other genetic testing should be permitted without consent from the person the DNA came from, it said. About 25 states currently allow such DNA testing. Critics of the lack of genetic privacy thought greater urgency was needed. "The report lays out a lot of important best practices and does endorse further state and federal regulations, but it doesn't offer a timeline," said Jeremy Gruber, president of the Council for Responsible Genetics, a private group that monitors genetic issues. "What will inevitably happen is whole genome sequencing will enter greater use and we won't have proper regulations to insure privacy." A bill introduced in California, home to many DNA testing companies, by state Senator Alex Padilla would ban surreptitious testing, requiring written authorization from the person the genetic sample was taken from. It is not clear how many labs are willing to analyze DNA without that authorization. In practice, well-known genetic testing companies such as privately held 23andMe test only saliva samples that are too large to acquire surreptitiously, such as from a drinking glass or licked stamp. "A person would really know that they are spitting into a tube," said 23andMe spokeswoman Jane Rubinstein. The full report from the presidential commission is at www.bioethics.gov.

We've all been there: we're enjoying a nice cob of corn, happily covering our face in butter and salt, when suddenly we realize that there's a thread of corn silk stuck in our teeth. We try to dislodge it with our tongue; no luck. We pick around with our fingers; still no luck. That silk is staying there until you return home to your toothbrush and dental floss. And if you think that corn silk is bad for most people, try having braces!Cutting the kernels off corn on the cob not only helps this problem, but also makes corn a lot easier to cook with.There is a problem, of course. I'd like to think I have above-average knife skills, and yet I'm completely scared to try and cut kernels off corn on the cob. There's no way to balance the oblong cob, and you have to cut straight down. To add insult to injury, the kernels corn go flying everywhere; it's nearly impossible to cut them in a neat and orderly manner. But worry not: there are some surprisingly easy (and safe!) ways to quickly and neatly cut corn off the cob.Use a Bundt or Angel Food Cake PanI only recently found out about this (big thanks to Saveur's amazing video channel), but it's now one of my favorite food hacks. Place one end of the cob in the middle of the pan, which will keep the corn stable while you cut down. Then, as you cut the ears off of the cob, they'll collect in the pan instead of scattering everywhere.Construct a Makeshift Bundt Cake PanIf you don't have a bundt or angel food cake pan, you can make your own version. Start with a cake pan, pie dish, or shallow bowl. Then add any stable item that can hold one end of the corn, such as a narrow cup or a shot glass. (My personal favorite is a toilet paper cardboard tube, but please be careful if you try this: these tubes are remarkably flimsy, so if you apply too much pressure they will collapse while you're cutting.) Then proceed just as you would with a bundt or angel food cake pan, until you have a bowl of perfectly cut corn.Cut the Corn in HalfThis is the quickest way to get the kernels off of the cob, but you want to avoid it unless you have a nice knife and are comfortable using it. Start by cutting the corn in half, which is harder than it looks: the core of the cob is extremely hard, and the corn will want to roll while you're trying to cut. So above all, be careful!Now that the corn is in half, each piece has a flat side, making it easier and safer to balance the cob while you cut it. And with each piece half the size of a full cob of corn, there's less mess when you cut the ears off.Then again, if you're hell-bent on keeping the corn on the cob, but still want to get rid of the strings of silk, you can always microwave it.Get More Food-Cutting HacksSometimes unflavored dental floss is better at cutting certain foods than your knife-seriously! And if cutting tomatoes befuddles you, be sure to read our indispensable guide on how to do it right. As for mangoes, turns out you need to bring a drinking glass in order to cut them the right way.