Knowledge Related to Half and Half Nail

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• Other Related Knowledge of Hemodialysis

Selected works of Hemodialysis

Palmer, Suetonia C., Sankar D. Navaneethan, Jonathan C. Craig, David W. Johnson, Marcello Tonelli, Amit X. Garg, Fabio Pellegrini et al. "Meta-analysis: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney disease." Annals of internal medicine 153, no. 1 (2010): 23-33.

Palmer, Suetonia C., Sankar D. Navaneethan, Jonathan C. Craig, David W. Johnson, Marcello Tonelli, Amit X. Garg, Fabio Pellegrini et al. "Meta-analysis: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney disease." Annals of internal medicine 153, no. 1 (2010): 23-33.

Ravani, Pietro, Suetonia C. Palmer, Matthew J. Oliver, Robert R. Quinn, Jennifer M. MacRae, Davina J. Tai, Neesh I. Pannu et al. "Associations between hemodialysis access type and clinical outcomes: a systematic review." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 24, no. 3 (2013): 465-473.

Palmer, Suetonia, Mariacristina Vecchio, Jonathan C. Craig, Marcello Tonelli, David W. Johnson, Antonio Nicolucci, Fabio Pellegrini et al. "Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies." Kidney international 84, no. 1 (2013): 179-191.

Palmer, Suetonia C., Jonathan C. Craig, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Marcello Tonelli, Fabio Pellegrini, and Giovanni FM Strippoli. "Benefits and harms of statin therapy for persons with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Annals of internal medicine 157, no. 4 (2012): 263.

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The development of artificial uteri and ectogenesis raises a few bioethical and legal considerations, and also has important implications for reproductive rights and the abortion debate.

Artificial uteri may expand the range of fetal viability, raising questions about the role that fetal viability plays within abortion law. Within severance theory, for example, abortion rights only include the right to remove the fetus, and do not always extend to the termination of the fetus. If transferring the fetus from a woman's womb to an artificial uterus is possible, the choice to terminate a pregnancy in this way could provide an alternative to aborting the fetus.

There are also theoretical concerns that children who develop in an artificial uterus may lack "some essential bond with their mothers that other children have"; a secondary issue to woman's rights over their own body.

In the 1970 book The Dialectic of Sex, feminist Shulamith Firestone wrote that differences in biological reproductive roles are a source of gender inequality. Firestone singled out pregnancy and childbirth, making the argument that an artificial womb would free "women from the tyranny of their reproductive biology."

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This condition was originally termed nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy as initially only skin involvement in patients with impaired kidney function was observed, and later renamed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis to better describe its systemic nature. The term "gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis" has also been proposed to reflect the fact that impaired kidney function is not in itself the cause of NSF.

The first cases of NSF were identified in 1997, but it was first described as an independent disease entity in 2000. In 2006, the link between NSF and gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents was made. As a result, restrictions on use of GBCAs in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (a measure of kidney function) under 60 and especially under 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 have been recommended and NSF is now considered rare.

After several years of controversy, during which up to 100 Danish patients suffered gadolinium poisoning after use of the contrast agent Omniscan, the Norwegian medical company Nycomed admitted that they were aware of some dangers from using gadolinium-based agents in their product.

With both Gadopentetic acid (gadopentetate dimegulumine (Magnevist)) and Gadodiamide (Omniscan) the risk was considered to outweigh the benefits and, as a result, the EMA recommended the licence for intravenous gadopentetic acid and Gadodiamide be suspended.

Following a legally binding decision issued by The European Commission and applicable in all EU Member States (Commission decision date: 23/11/2017), Intravenous Magnevist and Omniscan is now no longer authorised for use in Europe. Magnavist is, however, still authorised in Europe as an intra-articular MR contrast medium. The authorised indication for the use of linear chelated media gadobenic acid (also known as gadobenate dimeglumine; MultiHance) and gadoxetic acid (Primovist) has been limited to delayed phase liver imaging only.

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Lakhanpal, Sharad; Ginsburg, William W.; Michet, Clement J.; Doyle, John A.; Moore, S.Breanndan (1988). "Eosinophilic fasciitis: Clinical spectrum and therapeutic response in 52 cases". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 17 (4): 221231. doi:10.1016/0049-0172(88)90008-X. ISSN0049-0172. PMID3232080.

Barnes L, Rodnan GP, Medsger TA, Short D (August 1979). "Eosinophilic fasciitis. A pathologic study of twenty cases". The American Journal of Pathology. 96 (2): 493518. PMC2042453. PMID474708.

Doyle JA, Ginsburg WW (September 1989). "Eosinophilic fasciitis". The Medical Clinics of North America. 73 (5): 115766. doi:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30625-3. PMID2671538.

Michet CJ, Doyle JA, Ginsburg WW (January 1981). "Eosinophilic fasciitis: report of 15 cases". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 56 (1): 2734. PMID7453247.

Bennett, R M; Herron, A; Keogh, L (1977). "Eosinophilic fasciitis. Case report and review of the literature". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 36 (4): 354359. doi:10.1136/ard.36.4.354. ISSN0003-4967. PMC1006697. PMID901033.

Falanga, Vincent; Medsger, Thomas A. (1987). "Frequency, levels, and significance of blood eosinophilia in systemic sclerosis, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 17 (4): 648656. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70251-5. ISSN0190-9622. PMID3668010.

Varga J, Khri VM (November 1997). "Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, eosinophilic fasciitis, and related fibrosing disorders". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 9 (6): 56270. doi:10.1097/00002281-199711000-00013. PMID9375286.

Kent, Lawrence T.; Cramer, Stewart F.; Moskowitz, Roland W. (1981). "Eosinophilic fasciitis". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 24 (5): 677683. doi:10.1002/art.1780240508. ISSN0004-3591. PMID6972219.

Moulton SJ, Kransdorf MJ, Ginsburg WW, Abril A, Persellin S (March 2005). "Eosinophilic fasciitis: spectrum of MRI findings". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 184 (3): 9758. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840975. PMID15728627.

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Monarch: Juan Carlos I

Prime Minister: Jos Mara Aznar LpezFebruary5: Endesa and Iberdrola, two electrical companies announce that the merger process that began in October 2000 has stopped and will not be finalized.

11: 7 Technicians of the Compaa Lrica die in a traffic accident.

13: Javier Bardem is nominated for an Academy Award for his role in Julian Schnabel's film Before Night Falls, being the first Spanish actor to do so.

22: Terrorist group ETA execute a car bombing that kills two employees of the company Elektra in San Sebastin.April7: The Partido de Accin Socialista (PASOC) agrees to abandon its federal congress within the United and Alternative Left.

23: Madrid is chosen to be a World Book CapitalMay13: The EAJ-PNV/EA coalition (Basque Nationalist Party and Eusko Alkartasuna) attains a great victory during the Basque regional elections, forming a government for the next four years. Juan Jos Ibarretxe stays on as president the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

August24: Singer Joaquin Sabina suffered a minor stroke because of excessive drug use that would lead him to the brink of death.

31: After the death of twelve patients undergoing hemodialysis in Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona, The Department of Pharmacy decides granting a protective detention of a dialyzer marketed by multinational Baxter.DecemberThe Orquesta Ciudad de Almera, OCAL (City Orchestra of Almeria) is founded in the Province of Almera,

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Rao started working at SUNY Downstate Medical Center as a nephrologist, and because of his extensive contribution to medical literature, and services to the university, he was promoted as professor of medicine, and associate director of renal diseases. he was also the director of hemodialysis services at Kings County Hospital, and a consultant in nephrology at Brooklyn Veterans Administration Hospital. He has published more than 130 scientific articles and chapters in text books. He is the founding member, past president, board of trustees, and CME chairman of the American Association of Physicians of Queens and Long Island chapter.

Rao was the nephrologist who cared for Jayaprakash Narayan when he visited the United States. He was also nephrologist in charge of Honorable M. G. Ramachandran, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, and Honorable Chenna Reddy, Chief Minister of Andrapradesh, both of whom underwent renal Organ transplantation at Downstate Medical Center in United States. He was also consultant for the Governor of Pondicherry who suffered renal insufficiency.

For his achievements he has been awarded honorary degrees from Madras University, and Manipal University. He is also honorary visiting professor at Rajiv Gandhi University in Karnataka state..y of Nephrology, Indian Association of Long Island, and Bangalore Medical College Alumni Association. He has delivered scientific lectures in Japan, Israel, Paris, Holland, India and other countries.

He has been honored by Indian Society of Nephrology, American Nephrologists of Indian Origin, Nassau County of NY,

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His early schooling was in Channapatna, Karnataka. He graduated from high school in First Class, establishing a record for highest marks scored in Channapatna, and in the top 15 in Karnataka State. He graduated in First Class in Pre-University studies at National College in Bangalore, and was admitted to Bangalore Medical College. He stayed in Ramakrishna Vidhyarthi Mandiram throughout his student career. He completed his Medical degree from Bangalore Medical College as the top student with 5 gold medals. After completing one year of House Surgeoncy, he left for United States in June 1967. He completed 4 years of Medical Residency at New Jersey College of Medicine hospitals in Newark and East Orange, N.J. From 1971 to 1973, he was a fellow in Renal Medicine at State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospitals. After passing the American Board of Internal Medicine, he was awarded a fellowship from the American College of Physicians. Subsequently, he was also board certified in the sub-specialty of Nephrology. During his fellowship he published his original work on heroin-associated nephropathy in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine. In 1984, he described for the first time renal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). His original work AIDS Associated Nephropathy was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1984

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There is no specific imaging finding for NSF, and the diagnosis is a clinicopathological one, based on presentation and histological findings.

Microscopic pathologyAt the microscopic level, NSF shows a proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and dendritic cells, thickened collagen bundles, increased elastic fibers, and deposits of mucin. More recent case reports have described the presence of sclerotic bodies (also known as elastocollagenous balls) in skin biopsies from NSF patients. While not universally present, this finding is believed to be unique to patients exposed to gadolinium, although not necessarily limited to areas involved by NSF.

Differential diagnosisThe differential diagnoses for NSF include diffuse cutaneous or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, scleromyxedema, lipodermatosclerosis, scleroedema diabeticorum, graft versus host disease, eosinophilic fasciitis; eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome; porphyria cutanea tarda, and other disorders. The nearly universal absence of facial skin involvement in NSF, presence of yellow plaques on the sclera of the eyes, absence of Raynauds phenomenon, and other differences in presentation can aid the proper diagnosis. History of exposure to GBCAs would favor NSF as the differential diagnosis.