Flex & Rigid-Flex Manufacturing Process for Simplifying Interconnection

Printed circuit boards or PCBs can be broadly classified into two types according to their substrates as either rigid or flexible. Rigid pcbsare usually the older ones. In this technologically advancing 21st century, where wireless communication like mobile phones have changed the outlook of people who in turn are looking at miniaturization, a need was felt for circuit boards that have the properties of being light, thin, small, flexible and with a high wiring density. Felixible heaters manufactures then invented the flexible pcbto fulfil these needs. What is flexible PCB?A flexible printed circuit board is basically composed of a flexible board, wirings present on the circuit board, and connection pads which conduct through the wiring which are located at the edge of the flex board. A copper foil through many layers is laminated onto a resin substrate which is then adjoined with an adhesive or this can also be achieved by the application of heat and pressure supplied by a flex heater together onto an integral board. These multiple layers are, an insulating layer, an adhesive layer and an encapsulating layer. These are present between the conductive layers which ensures that enough insulation is present. The plastic substrate is polyimide or a similar thermoplastic material like polyetherimide. What forms the substrate is a flex pcb cable which is embedded with multiple electrically conductive lines which are then coated with an adhesive. In the insulating layer, apertures are made to ensure a proper electrical connection to the other electronic components. These electronic devices can then be efficiently connected to each other. So, to the long into short, the insulating layers on the front and rear surfaces of the board makes sure that one wiring pattern does not get connected to another wiring pattern present on another circuit board. Steps to make a flexible PCB:1. Decide on a size and then choose a thin double-sided copper plated polyimide sheet and cut it according to the size chosen. You need to ensure that the edges of the copper sheet are smooth and not smudged.2. The next step is to choose a solid ink printer which will print in melted wax with utmost ease. During the etching process which follows, it is this layer on the copper sheet which is formed by the wax which will protect it from any damage.3. Once you print your final design on the polyimide sheet you will see the circuit in the form of copper traces. Hence it is recommended to use dark distinguishable colours. 4. Next, soak the printed polyimide sheet in ferric chloride. This is called the etching process which will take about 30 minutes to get completed.5. Finally, your circuit is now prepared and can be mounted. If needed you can always cut it into smaller parts.Conclusion:Making and using flex PCBs is not difficult at all. You can devise a good quality PCB using top quality material and good technical expertise which will serve to last for a long time. RELATED QUESTION How do I calibrate MIG welding machine? One method, and probably the most simple, is to use a clamp meter to measure the amps through the negative lead at a given amp setting on the welding machine. If this is outwith the required tolerance a new label with the amperage settings is stuck on in the correct position. So for example if at 100 amps on the machine the clamp meter reads 90 amps, the new label is stuck on so that 90 amps is where 100 amps originally was. This now becomes 90 amps for all future testing, and so the next calibration test would be conducted at the new 100 amps. Depending on the requirement for the calibration, for example BS EN 10901 conformity, the calibration is in adjusting the position of the amp settings, if required. If adjustment is not required, the welding machine has still been calibrated if it has been tested. You will also need to provide a calibration certificate for the equipment used to test the welding machine. Clamp meter calibration certificates are valid for 5 years. It is also possible to use a 2 year validity period for the calibration of welding equipment.

PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) can be classified into rigid PCBs and flex PCBs and the former can be classified into three types: single-sided PCB, double-sided PCB and multi-layer PCB. According to quality class, PCBs can be classified into three quality classes: Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 among which Class 3 features the highest requirement. Difference on PCB quality class leads to differences in terms of complexity and test and inspection method. Up to now, rigid double-sided PCBs and multi-layer PCBs account for the relatively large applications in electronic products and flex PCBs are sometimes applied in some circumstances. Therefore, quality inspection issues will be discussed focusing on rigid double-sided and multi-layer PCBs in this article. After PCB fabrication, inspection has to be carried out in order to determine whether the quality is compatible with design requirement. It can be put that quality inspection is the important insurance of product quality and smooth implementation of subsequent procedures.PCB inspection standard comes primarily in the following aspects:a. standards made by each country;b. military standard of each country;c. industrial standard such as SJ/T10309;d. PCB inspection operation instruction enacted by device supplier;e. technological requirement labeled on PCB design drawings.For PCBs that have been determined as a key board in a device, besides regular inspections, those key characteristics parameters and indexes have to be focused and inspected from head to toe.Inspection ItemsNo matter what type of PCBs, they have to go through similar quality inspection methods and items. Based on inspection method, quality inspection items usually include visual inspection, general electrical performance inspection, general technological performance inspection and metalized via inspection. Visual inspectionWith the help of ruler, vernier caliper or magnifying glass, visual inspection is simple to be carried out. The inspected content includes:a. Board thickness, surface roughness and warpage. b. Dimensions of appearance and assembly, especially assembly dimensions compatible with electric connectors and lead rail.c. Integrity and clearness of conductive patterns and existence of bridging short circuit, open circuit, burr or voids.d. Surface quality, existence of pit, scratch or pin holes on printing traces or pad. e. Positions of pad vias and other vias. It should be inspected that whether vias are missed or inaccurately punched, whether via diameter is compatible with design requirement or not and whether there are nodules and voids.f. Pad plating quality and extent of firmness, roughness, brightness and void of bulge defect.g. Coating quality. Whether plating flux is even and firm and position correct and whether flux is even and its color meets concerning requirement. h. Character quality such as whether theyre firm, clear and clean with no scratch, penetration or disconnection. General electrical performance inspectionThere are two kinds of tests under this type of inspection:a. Connecting performance test. During this test, multimeter is generally applied to inspect the connectivity of conductive patterns with focus on metalized via of double-sided PCB and connectivity performance of multi-layer PCB. For this test, ALLPCB provides general inspection before each fabricated PCB leaves its warehouse in order to ensure the implementation of its basic functions. b.Insulating performance test. This kind of test aims to inspect insulating resistor on the same plane or between different planes in order to ensure the insulating performance of PCB. General technological inspectionGeneral technological inspection covers solderability and plating adhesion inspection. For the former, wetting performance of solder to conductive patterns is inspected. For the latter, it can be inspected by qualified tips that are first sticked to plating plane to be inspected and then are pulled off quickly after even pressing. Next, plating plane should be observed to ensure whether fall-off takes place or not. Furthermore, some inspections can be selected based on practical situations such as copper foil anti-falling intensity and metalized via anti-pulling intensity. Metalized via inspectionQuality of metalized vias plays a role of extreme significance for double-sided PCBs and multi-layer PCBs. Lots of breakdown happening to electric module or even the whole device lies in quality issues of metalized vias. Therefore, its quite necessary to pay more attention to the inspection of metalized vias. Metalized via inspection covers the following aspects:a. Metal plane of via wall should be complete, smooth and void of empty holes or nodules. b. Electrical performance inspection should be carried out in accordance with short circuit and open circuit of pad and metalized via plating plane, resistance between via and leads.c. Resistance change rate of vias shouldnt be over 5% to 10% after environmental test.d. Mechanical intensity refers to adhesive intensity between metalized via and pad. e. Metallographic analysis test is responsible for inspection in terms of plating plane quality, thickness and uniformity of plating plane, and adhesive intensity between plating plane and copper foil.Metalized via inspection usually comes in combination of visual inspection and mechanical inspection. Visual inspection is to observe PCB with it placed under the light and complete and smooth via wall is capable of reflecting light evenly. However, via wall containing nodules or voids wont be so bright. For volume manufacturing, inspections should be implemented by on-line inspection equipment such as Flying Probe Tester.Owing to complicated structure of structure of multi-layer PCBs, once problems are observed in the process of subsequent unit module assembly testing, its difficult to position breakdowns quickly. As a result, inspection of their quality and reliability has to be very strict. Apart from regular inspection items mentioned above, other inspection items include the following parameters concerning resistance of conductor, resistance of metalized vias, short circuit and open circuit of inner layers, insulating resistance between all lines, adhesive intensity of plating plane, adhesion, anti-heat shock, impact resistance to mechanical shock, current intensity etc. Each index has to be obtained through the application of professional equipment and methods. ALLPCB has a special Department handling circuit boards quality supervision, inspection and quarantine. We carry out Electrical Test on all of our printed circuit boards, and ship out only those passed the test. If unfortunately some of your boards failed this test, we will schedule reproduction immediately. Except for standard Electrical Test, we also offer Bed of Nails Fixture Test and Flying Probe Test. Intested in getting quality guaranteed circuit boards from us? RELATED QUESTION As a mechanical engineer, what are some of the real world problem that I can tackle after I graduate? There are way too many things that can either improved, created or redesigned.I can give you atleast 20 problems off hand.Mechanical Engineering encompasses several fields. I am a work in Bio-medical Engineering and the number of problems that require a mechanical engineers input are way to many to list here. I can give you a few examples.Design of Assistive Aids to aid visually impaired children.Rehabilitation Equipment to help in post accident healing. Design and Fabrication of implantsRe-designing machines that are used for fabricationRobotics for Surgery.There is no dearth of problems. Just look around and you will find several things you can work on. Jot them down. Analyse the needs based on difficulty and your interest in the problem. Choose the most relevant need that interests you.Start solving it

PCB is known as printed circuit board and it is an essential part of the electronics industry. Recently, PCB manufacturing companies have introduced various new technologies as the demand for the new advanced technologies is increasing. This also includes design of efficient printed circuit boards, design layouts and different assembling services. Irrespective of funding, requirement is to find good quality flexible printed circuit manufacturers that can help you get the flexible design as per requirement.How to choose a reliable PCB manufacturer?It is not an easy task to find a reliable PCB manufacturer these days as there are various manufacturers that can really impact your PCB business and give you bad quality PCB design. In order to avoid such situations, it is important to find the best quality design that is suitable for your requirement. One needs to save himself from any kind of fraudulent activity that can happen in this business. To get started and find reliable flexible heaters manufacturers, you need to access yellow pages or search over internet. A good idea would be to list the PCB flex cable that can easily help you find the reliable authentic dealer. Trade shows that customers who are interested about specific product or services will always look to invest money in a reliable manufacturing design only.The best place to find a reliable manufacturing company is by running an online search and gain access to various details about them. If you are aware about the listed manufacturing company then you can even find good standards, high quality measures, latest technology and code complaint services. Another good option to find a reliable manufacturer is to look for the local PCB manufacturer in the area. Another good option would be check your contacts and find out the inspection procedures and problems that would be required to be checked. If you are not new to the field then you can check reliability of the circuit board manufacturers. Also you need to check the quick tips and guidelines and find out the selection of manufacturer and advice accordingly. You also need to verify the background of the company from where you are testing the circuits. There are also various tests that can be conducted and check the testing methods, delivery facilities and other measures that would be required to be checked. These factors can help you finalize the right manufacturer for your company as per industrial needs.ConclusionFor the last five years, the demand for the high quality PCB manufacturer is growing and there is requirement of expert insights that can help you select the right manufacturer. If you are still confused about PCB manufacturing and not able to find a good quality designer then you can check the manufacturing design, components available and end to end testing capability of the manufacturer. You can check reviews and online credibility of the manufacturer RELATED QUESTION What are the functions of a welding machine? Welding machines are usually classified as constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV); a constant current machine varies its output voltage to maintain a steady current while a constant voltage machine will fluctuate its output current to maintain a set voltage. Shielded metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding will use a constant current source and gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding typically use constant voltage sources but constant current is also possible with a voltage sensing wire feeder.Now more and more people usingautomatic welding machinefor home appliances production. for more aboutautomatic ultrasonic welding

In modern times the manufacturing process of the flex printed circuit board starts with the production of a prototype. You can derive various advantages if you build a working model of these flexible pcb prototypecircuits before you decide to go in for mass production. Once you choose to have a prototype, then it will help you in testing the functionality of the board, but you can also work on improving as per your needs. The creation of a prototype helps in the detection of errors at the earliest possible opportunity. It also aids in taking a call on the final design and other specifications concerning the board.Delving into the basicsThe significance of prototype production can never be undermined. As the creation of models play a crucial role, and so its execution should be done by a professional service provider. Satisfy your flexible PCB prototype needs by getting in touch with a manufacturer specializing in PCB prototyping. You will be in a position to evaluate whether a PCB manufacturer is competent or not by posing a few questions. 1. How long have you been associated with prototype creation?To many individuals, it would appear to be quite a fundamental question. However, this question is vital for the evaluation of the experience of the manufacturer. It is always a wise decision to opt for a fabrication shop that has several years of experience in this line of work. The specific company will have the knowledge and expertise to deal with the prototype requirements in an effective manner in comparison to a startup. Place your order for a flexible PCB prototype as per your specifications.2. Do you have a fully equipped manufacturing setup?Some of the production houses in the market operate to satisfy the prototype demands of customers. These production houses are not in any way involved in mass production. The lack of modern machinery and a weak workforce may have played a role in their inability to go beyond prototype creation. Under such circumstances, it is a smart idea to check out the extent of services of such manufacturing facilities. 3. How long is it going to take place for the completion of prototype manufacturing?The turnaround time is going to vary per the capabilities of a manufacturer. Ideally, the completion time of prototypes should vary between twenty-four to forty-eight hours or maybe a week or so.4. What are the quality standards you implement?Quality standards have to be adequately implemented to get the right prototype in your hands. The set of standards varies from one industry to another. To have quality products, several international standards are being operational. You must know in detail the standards that are being implemented. If the fabrication shop makes use of some of the significant standards, then you can have ample trust in that specific production house.Make a smart decisionYou should conduct comprehensive research on the net for finding the names of prominent manufacturers. The objective is to get hold of a manufacturing expert who has a reputation in the industry. RELATED QUESTION Which is better between a three-phase welding machine and a single-phase inverter welding machine? Rilon Inverter ARC 300 AMPS 3 PHASE Is BestWelding machine in indiaImage Credit :Rilonwelding.inMosfet technology,the core adopts advanced Mosfet inverter device. Wide range for input voltage:380V15%. Digital meter to preset and display welding current. Dust-Free Cooling Systerm with Upgraded Duty Cycle. ARC force and Hot start adjustable, easy to striking the arc. Auto-Protection against over-voltage, over-current and over-heated. Remote control function(optional), enlarge your welding Area,easy to operate. Energy Saving - More efficient compared with the traditional SCR machine.Features :Arc-Force for Anti-StickingHot-Start to start the Welding Arc SmoothlyRemote-Control Function Optional. Wide Range for Input Voltage: 380 - 15%Dust-Free Cooling System with Upgraded Duty CycleWith Advanced Single IGBT Technology

A printed circuit board supports and connects electrical components using conductive tracks and pads from copper sheet which are laminated between sheet layers of a non conductive substrate.About flex circuit boardThe flex circuit board offers multiple possibilities for different types of products and designs. These circuit boards help you to find your favourite TV channels and adjust the volume in the remote. They are thin and light weighted circuits. They are the replacements for the traditional ones. They help the electronic goods to be lighter and smaller when they design it. This will help them to make hassle free movements.Different types of Printed Circuit BoardsSingle sided Printed Circuit Board: These types of flex circuit board contain just one layer of base material. This base material is covered with a thin layer of metal usually copper as it has an excellent electrical conductor. It has an electronic component and a circuit on one side only. They are best for simple electronics. They are inexpensive and because of the design specifications, these circuit boards also used in special purposes.Double sided Printed Circuit Board: Both the sides of these circuit board have metal conductive layer. The holes in this circuit board allow circuit on one side to connect the circuit on the other side. The double sided circuit board uses two methods for connecting them which are through hole technology and through surface mount technology. Through hole technology involves feeding tiny wires through the holes and soldering each of them to the circuit. In surface mounted technology, wires are not used. They allows more circuit to be made in a smaller space on a board which means the board can perform more functions usually at a lower rate and faster speed.Multi layered Printed Circuit Board: This is also extension of double sided circuit board. They have several base layers and insulating materials separating the base layers. They saves even more space compared to the double sided. This multi layered board has different layers such as 4, 6, 8, and 10 depending on the demand of the product. They are generally used in computers or medical machinery or servers, etc.Rigid Printed Circuit Board: They use a solid, inflexible base layers that keep the board from bending. A motherboard inside the computer is a best example of rigid printed circuit boards. Flex- Printed Circuit Board: The base here is a flexible one. The materials allow the board to fit into shape that rigid boards cannot without damaging the circuit of the board. They can be single sided, double sided or multi layered. Rigid- flex Printed Circuit Board: These board combine technology from both rigid and flexible circuit boards. A simple rigid flex circuit board comprises of rigid circuit boards that are attached to a flex circuit board.ApplicationsPrinted Circuit Board is used in computer,cameras, cell phones, bar code equipments, avionics, satellites, etc. If you want them for a specific task, it is always better to get them from the leading manufacturers.Resource: RELATED QUESTION What can I do as a small printing company nowadays? This is a tough question, because the printing industry has changed drastically over the past several decades. Lawrence Finn noted the range of things that a small printing shop usually does, but unfortunately even those are on their way out. And in cases where they are still around, mass-market shops with economies of scale (such as FedEx Office) can typically do anything you can do, faster and cheaperand include online ordering and previewing, etc. So the real issue comes down to what special things you can do that they cant. The closest to your current operation might be (talk about back to the future, or, more accurately, forward to the past) to get a letterpress and start doing custom, high-end work such as wedding invitations and letterhead. The equipment isnt crazy expensive, the market is not insanely expensive, and you can transfer much of what you already know. You can get a new high-speed digital press and offer large scale custom commercial printing. You can get new equipment and specialize in die cutting and embossing, and perhaps form mutual referral partnerships with local folks who do flat printing. You can get new screen printing equipment and specialize in t-shirts and the likebut thats a very different business, and already somewhat competitive. You can get new flexographic printing equipment and print small productsbut thats got the same problems of a new business with existing competition. You might try getting a laser engraver and doing on-the-spot engraving and customization (my guess is that this might be your best option, but probably only as an add-on service). You could get a number of 3D printers and offer that as a service, along with design. You could specialize as an integrated online/offline shop, combining web work, business cards, etc. with the emphasis on design, leaving the production to a larger firm like VistaPrint . Whatever you do, I wish you the best of luck integrating printing into the 21st century!

PCBs or printed circuit boards are standard electronic support devices in use these days. It is one of the most preferred choices among manufacturers of electronic gadgets and machines. Many people are using modern technological enhancements primarily due to these PCBs. Due to printed circuit boards, several daily-use items run correctly. Then again, PCBs arent the only support option. Some individuals recommend point-to-point construction. However, experienced people will always prefer the use of PCBs over PTPs. Here you will learn about the benefits of a printed circuit board which allows it to win the battle against point-to-point connections.1. Performance consistency: Indeed, PCBs and PTPs possess virtually identical purposes. It is also evident that these pieces of technology dont show the same level of performance. The constructs of PTP often come with individual quirks that alter the way a device performs. You should ask the manufacturers of printed circuit boards who specialize in producing a flexible PCB prototype. Both scientists and PCB manufacturers say that they offer much more consistent performance, mainly because machines make them.2. Painstakingly engineered: In the case of PTPs, the creation of support constructs take place on their own. The quality and purposefulness of the PTP will depend upon the engineer who created it. After all, nobody can confirm the efficiency of the person who made it unless used and found to be appropriate. The manufacturing of flexible PCB prototype takes place with the support of machines. There arent many risks of engineering flaws. It is safe to say that you wont have to deal with failed prototypes or ineffective products.3. Measurability: As you can understand, it is a next-to-impossible task to mass produce handmade constructs like PTP. The fabrication of a massive number of PTP constructs demands precise logistics. Apart from that, one has to obtain and retain employees with expertise in this field. Finally, there is the matter of product launch and sales. On the other hand, there is no such issue to deal with when it comes to PCBs. You already know the fact that manufacturers utilize machines for the production of PCBs. Upon approval of a design, automated fabrication systems can produce hundreds of boards. The creator of PTPs will need the same amount of time to create one specimen. 4. Streamlining the production process: PTP manufacturing involves much trial and error, as you can contemplate. It is a handmade component, after all. Besides, prototypes require significant testing periods. The designer has to diagnose and address every issue by hand. Even with automation, PCBs require time to create. However, the devices alert a designer about any potential problems on the PCB. This feature allows the testers to pinpoint the issues and fix them. As a result, PCB prototypes go into production than PTPs.5. Cost-effective process: Since PTP production requires skilled labor in the design and fabrication stages, creating such components can be quite costly. PTPs are one of the most expensive electronic support devices in the market. It is possible to undergo repairs when needed, but the initial costs arent worth bearing. PCBs are affordable, and one can order them in bulk. Buyers can also choose to replace them when and if needed. This affordability of PCBs makes them the best choice.Final wordsIf you are pondering over what to use as electronic support, then you should use PCBs. This topic explained how beneficial they are than PTPs. However, everything boils down to your personal requirements and your companys and clients needs. So, choose wisely RELATED QUESTION What are the best VR applications in medicine? With the appearance of new gaming platforms such as Nintendo Wii, Sony Playstation and Microsoftu2019s Kinect, we unexpectedly received a new tool for rehabilitation. You may ask u201cWhy?u201d The answer is simple: It is possible because the control system in these devices is based on the personu2019s body movements which are transferred to the game world during a simulation session. In specific medical cases, this feature affects positively the progress of regaining by a patient control of his or her body. Nowadays, the possibility of interaction between the patient and the game environment is even greater because of the virtual reality goggles. The VR google app require active participation of the player, which enhances technical capabilities of the device.Also, by being safely engaged in a new learning experience, the player becomes more self-confident VR goggles can be freely used outside the hospital. Besides, they are so motivating that patients use them longer and more regularly than standard rehabilitation equipment.Letu2019s see what inventors, researchers, designers have to say about their products: Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation:Top 6 |4Experience.co:Virtual Reality StudioWhat are the best VR applications in medicine?.

This 4 colors flexo label printing machine is suitable for printing paper, paperboard, high-grade self-adhesive label and so on. It is an auxiliary equipment of multi-color printing machine. At first glazing, it can increase the brightness of the product and the storage time of the product color. This printing machine can improve the quality of products and adopt the import stepless regulation of frequency conversion.Features of 4 Colors Paper Cup Bag Flexographic Printing MachineUse:China high accuracy flexo printer is suitable for printing paper, paper board, high-grade self-adhesive label and so on.Characteristic:Multicolor printing is used for web printing presses, by changing the transmission route of the substrate, or by turning the roller to achieve double-sided printing. It can be a sheet of paper, cardboard, corrugated paper and other hard materials. It can also be a roll form, such as adhesive paper and newspaper. The viscosity of the printed material must be accurately measured with a viscosity cup. Strong processing ability, the printing unit and processing function can be flexibly configured according to the needs of users.The unit type flexographic printing machine is easy to install auxiliary equipment, and can be used for auxiliary joint processing, such as glazing and die cutting. It is easy to operate and maintain, with good performance, and can be used to measure tension. China automatic slitter rewinder 4 colors flexo label printing machine is suitable for short printing and printing press. It has many advantages, such as many stations, one machine and many uses. It has superiority for such special printing products as less batch, more urgent delivery and more work stations. The high speed multicolor printing parts are standardized, the parts are general and the product serialization is higher, and the design has the advanced nature such as automatic control system like attached tension, edge, and set.The distance between the printers of the flexographic printing machine is smaller, so that the multi-color overprint can be used. So this machine can be used to print the high accuracy of the trademark, packaging box and other small print, for the less scalable printing materials, and the printing effect is also better. The printing part is the core of flexographic printing press, which uses the ink-ink system. There are two rollers, even a roll-roller with the ink blade, which can realize the printing ink from ink to the plate surface evenly and quantitatively.The ink roller is used for ink roll by ink roller, and ink roller is used to transfer the ink to the roller. With the matching of blade, the flexographic printing press can adapt to various viscosity inks, and obtain better printing quality under higher factors. When the speed of printing increases, while the anilox roll on the surface of the dynamic pressure increases, but the scraping blade pressure on the surface of anilox roll, thus losing the ink system of ink has nothing to do with the printing ink of the dynamic pressure, and it is almost not affected by the viscosity. Anilox roller transferring ink is mainly depends on its ink storage system (anilox roll ink cavity volume) and the anilox roller and plate separate distance with the surface of the ink, the ink to system running speed has nothing to do. The ink-jet system can maintain the constant volume of ink at various speeds. So flexographic printing presses are capable of high speed printing and high precision color dot printing.The roller is the transferring roller of flexographic printing press. The surface system has sunken inks or mesh grooves for printing control of ink transferring. The use of the rollers not only simplifies the structure of the ink system, but also can control the thickness of the ink layer and provides an important guarantee for improving the quality of printing RELATED QUESTION What is the cost of a CNC machine? CNC router machine has a very high cost, high production efficiency, saving the cost of processing, attracted a lot of business. Many CNC router buyers often received uneven offer from CNC router manufacturers and sellers in the purchase of the CNC router Machine, in this case, many buyers tend to fall into the trap of CNC router price, while ignoring the CNC router quality. So, how to choose the right CNC router? and what factors affect the CNC router price? STYLECNC will introduce the factors affecting the CNC router prices as following: 1. the brand: with a product, if the product brand is different, the price is not the same, I believe we all know this truth. of course, big brands of CNC router price will be higher, relative to the after-sales service will better. 2. the cost of materials: different CNC woodworking router production materials are different, and the gap is great. The CNC router prices with good accessories and materials will be relatively high. 3. R & D and technical inputs. CNC wood machine is a high-tech CNC equipment. In order to ensure the leading product technology and product quality, well-known brands of CNC router manufacturers have a large number of scientific research costs. In the assembly of the staff, these CNC router manufacturers will hire experienced engineers. These two aspects of investment, is an important guarantee of CNC router quality. Of course, the corresponding increase in product costs. 4. parts and raw materials. Good CNC router raw materials and accessories procurement are regular manufacturers of quality products, quality and after-sale service guarantee. As we all know, good quality products, prices are higher than the average product price, because in raw materials and accessories, the cost is relatively higher, the price will be higher. 5.suppliers and agents. Factory direct sales and sales agents are also there is a certain price gap, factory direct sales will be cheaper than the agents, but agents cheaper than manufacturers, these are uncertain factors. 5. after-sales service investment. In order to ensure every purchase of CNC router buyers, timely after-sales service, regular CNC router manufacturers usually equipped with a number of proficient in CNC router operation and technical service personnel, after receiving the customer calls, a strong after-sales service team can ensure timely provide technical support and maintenance services, to ensure the smooth progress of the customer production and processing. Above is the six factors affecting the CNC router prices, so STYLECNC believes that in the purchase of a CNC router machine, not only focus on the CNC router price and CNC router quality, but also focus on the CNC router service life, machining efficiency, accuracy and after-sales service to make a choice, to choose a suitable CNC router for their products processing.

For your perfect PCB, you will require some knowledge of the materials that make up a PCB. Armed with this knowledge you can decide, depending on your budget, which material would be best to suit your requirements. The circuit board foundation or the base is comprised of the substrate and the laminate. Usually, the substrate is a non-conductive dielectric material that is chosen based on the dielectric constant. Laminates are used in with substrates to provide a surface material or copper foil. Laminates themselves, however, can be used as the core material in certain board constructions. For these purposes, using flex printed circuits are a good investment. There are plenty of Flex PCB Manufacturers that would be willing to get the job done on short notice. Flexible substrates are a new and upcoming material that is being used in most new printed board circuits. They are primarily made up of copper. A good Flex PCB Manufacturer will be able to provide everything mentioned below. This article will elaborate on flex a little later once you understand the basics of substrates and laminates and what they require.SubstratesThese are the dielectric composite structures that are made up of paper or glass weave and epoxy resin. These can be supplemented by ceramics to further increase the dielectric constant. Substrates are created for meeting specific property requirements, like a higher melting point, and it also needs to be able to be customized accordingly.There are a large range of standard substrates, however, from which most of the PCB manufactured are created. Some examples of these substrates are CEM-1 through CEM-5, FR-1 through FR-6, G-10 and G11, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Aluminum or insulated metal substrate, RF-35 Alumina, Polymide and the flexible substrates of Pyralux and Kapton. FR-4 is the most commonly used substrate.LaminatesLaminates are those materials manufactured under pressure and are made up of paper or cloth layers and thermoset resin. Similar to substrates, laminates are created to be customizable. Laminates preferable consist of properties like high tensile and shear strength, thermal expansion coefficient, Tg and CTE. Commonly used dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene FR-1, FR-4, CEM-1 and CEM-3 and common pre-preg materials FR-2 through FR-6, CEM-1 through CEM-5 and G-10. Used in conjunction, the substrate and laminate define basic electrical, thermal and mechanical circuit board properties that can be used for a specific board type, and help you make the best selection for your PCB material.Now that you know what kind of materials laminates and substrates require, you will understand why flex PCB is so useful. It provides for a higher circuit density, a higher temperature operating range, size and weight reduction, and improved impedance control and reliability! Flexible printed circuits are practically everything you could want to be able to meet your PCB requirements. It also ensures that there is less errors made during assembly, and drastically reduces time and costs for assembly.Consider using flex PCB for your new project, and uncover the benefits of efficiency and effectiveness! RELATED QUESTION What is the rehabilitation equipment market size and share? The global Rehabilitation Equipment Market research report, recently added by Value Market Research, is entailed of various market parameters including market outlook, share, trends, growth, value and factors that are currently influencing the market dynamics. The report discloses forecast for the period 2019-2025 based on the historical data. Additionally, this report also maps the recent strategic developments of key players along with their market share. The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the rehabilitation equipment market include Caremax Rehabilitation Equipment Co. Ltd., Drive Devilbiss Healthcare, Dynatronics Corporation, GF Health Products, Inc. , Invacare Corporation, Medline Industries, Inc., ROMA Medical Aids Ltd., Roscoe Medical, and others. This section includes a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.The growing incidence of disabilities and favorable healthcare reforms are driving market growth. Rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the rapidly growing geriatric population base rate is again boosting the market growth. On the other hand, high costs and maintenance expenses of rehabilitation equipment may hamper the market growth. Whereas, advancements in technology such as the development of smart accessible gadgets is likely to offer an opportunity over the forecast period. The report covers Porteru2019s Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industryu2019s structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level.Additionally, these tools also give inclusive assessment of each application/product segment in the global market of rehabilitation equipment. Market SegmentationThe entire rehabilitation equipment market has been sub-categorized into product type, application, and end-user. The report provides an analysis of these subsets with respect to the geographical segmentation. This research study will keep marketer informed and helps to identify the target demographics for a product or service. Download FREE Sample Report Copy With Full TOCBy Product Typeu00b7 Daily Living Aidsu00b7 Mobility Equipmentu00b7 Exercise Equipmentu00b7 Body Support DevicesBy Applicationu00b7 Physiotherapyu00b7 Occupational TherapyBy End-Useru00b7 Hospitals & Clinicsu00b7 Rehabilitation Centersu00b7 Home Care Settingsu00b7 Physiotherapy CentersRegional AnalysisThis section covers regional segmentation which accentuates on current and future demand for rehabilitation equipment market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand for individual application segment across all the prominent regions.What is the rehabilitation equipment market size and share?.

Printed circuit boards or PCBs are mainly of two types depending on their substrates, either rigid or flexible. The older pcbs were mostly rigid. In this advanced 21st era of wireless communication like mobile technology where everyone is slowly moving towards miniaturization, there was a need felt for circuit boards that were light, thin, small, flexible and had high wiring density. The pcb flexible was invented to fulfill these requirements. These printed boards are three dimensionally wired and they can also be reshaped to fit the available space.A flexible printed circuit board consists of a flexible board, wirings present on the flexible board, and connection pads which conduct through the wiring which are present on the edge of the flexible board. A copper foil is then laminated onto a resin substrate through multiple layers and then joined with an adhesive or this can be done by application of heat and pressure by a flex heater onto an integral board. To make circuits on both the sides, there can be multiple conductive layers used. The layers are namely, insulating layers, adhesive layers, and encapsulating layers which are present between the conductive layers to make sure sufficient insulation is present. Polyimide or a similar thermoplastic material like polyetherimide is the main constituent of the plastic substrate of flexible pcbs. A pcb flex cable with multiple embedded electrically conductive lines forms the substrate which is then coated with an adhesive. To ensure electrical connection to other electronic components apertures are formed in one of the insulation layers. Then these electronic devices are connected to each other. So to sum up, the front and back surfaces are covered with insulating layers which prevents one wiring pattern from being conducted to other wiring patterns which are formed on a different circuit board.Flexible printed circuit boards are easy to make. Following are the steps:1. Choose thin double side copper plated polyimide sheets and cut them to the required size. Make sure that the copper is not smudged and the edges of the sheets are even2. Next pick a solid ink printer that will print in melted wax easily. The wax will form a layer on the copper that will protect it later during the etching process. 3. To draw the diagram of your circuit, use a computer aided design.4. Print your final design on the polyimide sheet which will appear as copper traces. It is always recommended to use dark distinguishable colors. 5. Soak the printed sheet in ferric chloride. This is called etching and takes about half an hour to get done.6. Your circuit is ready to be mounted. It can be cut into smaller parts if needed. Electric components can be mounted through holes that can be drilled using laser.Conclusion:Flex pcbs are very easy to make and use. But at the same time only with the top quality material and technical expertise you will be able to make a good quality pcb which will last for a long time. RELATED QUESTION What is the rehabilitation equipment market size and share? The global Rehabilitation Equipment Market research report, recently added by Value Market Research, is entailed of various market parameters including market outlook, share, trends, growth, value and factors that are currently influencing the market dynamics. The report discloses forecast for the period 2019-2025 based on the historical data. Additionally, this report also maps the recent strategic developments of key players along with their market share. The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the rehabilitation equipment market include Caremax Rehabilitation Equipment Co. Ltd., Drive Devilbiss Healthcare, Dynatronics Corporation, GF Health Products, Inc. , Invacare Corporation, Medline Industries, Inc., ROMA Medical Aids Ltd., Roscoe Medical, and others. This section includes a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.The growing incidence of disabilities and favorable healthcare reforms are driving market growth. Rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the rapidly growing geriatric population base rate is again boosting the market growth. On the other hand, high costs and maintenance expenses of rehabilitation equipment may hamper the market growth. Whereas, advancements in technology such as the development of smart accessible gadgets is likely to offer an opportunity over the forecast period. The report covers Porteru2019s Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industryu2019s structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level.Additionally, these tools also give inclusive assessment of each application/product segment in the global market of rehabilitation equipment. Market SegmentationThe entire rehabilitation equipment market has been sub-categorized into product type, application, and end-user. The report provides an analysis of these subsets with respect to the geographical segmentation. This research study will keep marketer informed and helps to identify the target demographics for a product or service. Download FREE Sample Report Copy With Full TOCBy Product Typeu00b7 Daily Living Aidsu00b7 Mobility Equipmentu00b7 Exercise Equipmentu00b7 Body Support DevicesBy Applicationu00b7 Physiotherapyu00b7 Occupational TherapyBy End-Useru00b7 Hospitals & Clinicsu00b7 Rehabilitation Centersu00b7 Home Care Settingsu00b7 Physiotherapy CentersRegional AnalysisThis section covers regional segmentation which accentuates on current and future demand for rehabilitation equipment market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand for individual application segment across all the prominent regions.What is the rehabilitation equipment market size and share?.

If you are in the business of manufacturing electronic gadgets for industrial purposes, then you are aware of PCBs. Printed circuit boards are the lifeline of almost every electronic digital device. In most cases, manufacturers create a machine which can accommodate the PCB in it. However, there is another option which these manufacturers need to consider. Instead of a regular PCB, you should think about using a flex PCB. With a flexible printed circuit board, you dont have to design a device which can fit the circuitry. Regardless of the shape and dimensions of the gadget, flex PCBs can find their place inside them.1. Single-sided flex: If you are new to the world of flexible printed circuit boards, then you need to learn more about them. Unless you have a thorough understanding of this component, you cant make the right purchase. Companies which take care of flex PCB assembly create several types of this constituent. Single-sided flex circuits are the most basic varietal, and they contain a single layer of metal trace. It lies on one side of the dielectric layer. This dielectric part can be of polymer or polyimide. The purpose of the polyimide overlay is for insulation and protection from degrading the environment.2. Double-sided flex: As the name suggests, it is the enhanced version of the single-sided flex. Of course, you have to choose a flex PCB assembly based on the purpose of use. A double-sided flexible printed circuit board has several layers on either side. In spite of that fact, manufacturers use only one dielectric layer. They plate the two layers by metalizing through holes to create connections.3. Multi-layer flex: The third component on the list is a multi-layer flexible printed circuit. These segments have several layers of copper. Dielectric layers remain sandwiched between the copper coatings. As with double-sided flex PCBs, holes connect the metal layers. As you can understand, the interconnections of a multi-layer flex circuit contain more complex interconnections and layer surface design mounting. 4. Rigid-flex: A rigid-flex PCB consists of multiple layers of circuitry. Manufacturers use an epoxy pre-preg bonding film to establish connections between the circuit layers. The result resembles a multi-layer flex circuit. All flex circuits are a combination of flex circuitry and rigid board circuitry. However, rigid flex circuits possess a much higher component density.Now you are aware of the different types of flex circuits. So, it is time to learn about the materials used by manufacturers.1. Electricity conductors: It is easy to understand the fact why manufacturers use conductors. If the PCB doesnt allow electricity to pass through it, then it becomes worthless. Copper is the most commonly used conductor.2. Glues: Manufacturers rely on adhesives for surface-mount component binding. Customers have to specify the adhesive requirements based on requirements and thickness of conductors. Some of the glues used include acrylic, epoxy, etc. There are a few flex PCBs where manufacturers dont apply adhesive at all.3. Insulating substances: The purpose of an insulator on a flex PCB is to separate the electrical conductors. They also serve to support the component. A few typical insulators used in flex PCBs are polyester, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalene, solder mask, and polyethylene terephthalate.Use according to necessitiesYes, now that you are aware of these constituents, you can think about utilizing them for your products. However, you should choose them based on what you produce. If you are satisfying the demands of your customers by using conventional PCBs, then you should stick to that. You can consider using flex circuits for any new product that you will launch in the future. RELATED QUESTION Can Thailand become a MedTech Innovator instead of a MedTech customer? Thailand is well poised for building and sustaining a start-up culture, encouraged by the governmentu2019s Thailand 4.0 vision, which has seen entire sectors of the economy being rebuilt with new technology and overseas investment. A dedicated programme called u2018Startup Thailandu2019, set up by the National Innovation Agency (NIA), hopes to accomplish this by reforming government procurement, building innovation districts, and increasing international cooperation. As well as building the infrastructure of railways, airports and smart cities to support the new industries, the government is also investing heavily in its university system to boost research activity and train the thousands of engineers and scientists that will be needed for the planned expansions in targeted industries such as the biotech, biochemical, medtech and roboticsThe Thai government has progressive policies in place to help the country attain the position of u201cThailand, a Hub of Wellness and Medical Servicesu201d within a ten-year timeframe (2016-2025). The plan focuses on four major areas: wellness, medical services, academic and medical centres, and health products. The government also provides additional technology-based incentives for investment in the development of core technologies u2014 biotechnology, nanotechnology, advanced material technology, and digital technology u2014 and enabling services that support targeted technology development. But will all this be enough?To find out, we spoke with Dr. Kakanand Srungboonmee, from the Centre of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, in Bangkok Thailand.As well as being an academic, innovator and start-up founder herself, Dr. Srungboonmee is also key in curating the speakers and topics for the Start-up Podium which will take place at MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2019 from 11 to 13 September in Bangkok.1. How would you describe the life sciences and medical/ health startup scene in Thailand?The life sciences and medical/health start-up ecosystem in Thailand is in an early stage. We are comparatively new to the idea of innovating our own solutions to our own problems. We have been good customers for a long time, using products invented and manufactured elsewhere in the world. Thailandu2019s medical device market is the eighth largest in the Asia-Pacific region. Estimated in 2015 to be worth more than US$1. 2 billion, it is expected to grow at a high single-digit rate (CAGR of 8.1 per cent during 2015 to 2020) to reach US$1.7 billion by 2020. Consumable devices and diagnostic imaging are among the products with large market share, followed by orthopaedics and prosthetics, dental products and patient aids. Local production is limited to consumables and basic medical devices.There are around 320 local manufacturers, mostly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) producing products such as diagnostic kits, syringes, surgical gloves and catheters. Over 80 per cent of domestic production is for export. Thailand continues to rely on import to supply most of the market, particularly highgrade and sophisticated medical devices. When those foreign products have not really met our needs, we have used our natural patient and adaptive tendencies to make them work for us or we have worked around their shortfalls. Now that is beginning to change and we are seeing more Thai start-ups innovating solutions for the local market. As Thailandu2019s medical device market continues to grow there will be great potential for local companies and innovators to develop products to meet demand in many areas including those related to surgical procedure equipment, implanted medical devices, respiratory devices and oxygen therapy, orthopaedic implant devices, heart valves, neurosurgical devices, rehabilitation equipment and accessories, and dermatological devices.One of the challenges we face at this stage is that the innovators/developers are often working at a distance from the healthcare environment without direct input from healthcare professionals. That can lead to the true needs of patients or healthcare professionals not really being met. We need more collaboration between healthcare professionals and the innovators, and the IT and engineering professionals trying to develop solutions. At the beginning of the process we need the healthcare professionals to identify an unmet need and then we need them to be giving feedback to the development team throughout the process.Another challenge is that coaches and mentors for medical industry startups are difficult to find as the industry is still young in Thailand. Again, collaboration could be the answer. If entrepreneurs with start-up experience in other tech sectors, healthcare professionals, young MedTech innovators, established industry players, and the government sector can work together, we can build the necessary ecosystem to support MedTech startups.2. Why is it important to innovate for the life sciences and medical/ health industry?Innovation is important for the life sciences and medical/health industry because the current healthcare model is unsustainable. The traditional healthcare system has focused on treating people in hospital and then sending them home and the innovation has focused on looking for new treatments. But waiting for people to become acutely ill and then treating them is very expensive, and as our population grows older, that approach will become more and more unsustainable. Thailand is currently moving from an ageing society towards an aged society. By 2032, the proportion of ageing population is expected to reach 32.2 per cent of the population (from 16.5 per cent in 2016). Along with the reduced fertility rate, this will not only impact the countryu2019s healthcare system but also its economic productivity. To cope with the impact of our ageing society, innovation in the life sciences and medical/health needs to focus more on promoting wellness and a healthier lifestyle. It needs to be looking for preventative treatments, earlier detection of disease and earlier interventions to treat or manage the disease before it becomes serious and requires hospitalisation.3. What are the main challenges in innovating for the life sciences and medical/ health industry in Thailand?We do not really have a co-working space specifically designed for life sciences and medical/health innovation. Developers and clinicians are not just figuratively working in their own silos and not talking and sharing ideas, they are actually physically separated from the clinicians and healthcare professionals. The innovators are working in offices over here, the engineers are in an industrial park over there and the clinicians and healthcare professionals are in a hospital somewhere else; they are not all part of the same ecosystem. So their true requirements are not really being met because they are not talking to, and working with, the innovators and developers.4.How can these challenges be overcome?We need to have co-working spaces that are especially designed for healthcare innovation. The co-working space should facilitate the development of the sort of ecosystem needed for medical industry innovation, with good coaching and mentoring systems from the clinical and industry sides. There should be start-up incubation spaces and engineering facilities on the campuses of the big research hospitals and collaboration and communication should be encouraged and facilitated.5. What are the main challenges in founding and sustaining a life sciences and medical/ health startups in Thailand?We do not have good coaches and mentors with experience in the medical business. Most of the start-up incubators do not really work with or have experience in medical industry. Start-ups have to find their own ways or share resources, including investor resources, with start-ups in other industries. We also need investors who understand the challenges faced by life sciences and medical/ health startups. General investors are interested in the healthcare industry but they are used to faster development times and seeing quicker returns on their investments in other industry sectors. So when they see the challenges faced by the life sciences and medical/health sectors such as the longer time needed for development and clinical trials, stricter standards and more restrictive marketing regulations, they usually give up.6. How can these challenges be overcome?We need incubators who are experienced in life sciences and medical/health industry. Longer term support is also needed in the life sciences and medical/health industry; accelerators should work not just at the level of incubating the business but also in the various stages of development.Additionally, because investing in the healthcare industry costs more and takes longer to see returns compared to other industries, healthcare startups need opportunities to meet with investors who are familiar with the life sciences and medical/health industry and understand the challenges and time frames involved.7. What can be done to make innovation a stronger priority for the life sciences and medical/health industry in Thailand?The government, industry players, innovators all need to realise that life sciences and medical/ health innovation promotes sustainable wellness and wellbeing. It is this technology that directly helps us live healthier and better lives. An ecosystem suitable for life sciences and medical/health innovation should be created to help accelerate the innovations that will keep Thais living longer, healthier, happier, and economically more sustainable lives.Can Thailand become a MedTech Innovator instead of a MedTech customer?.