A Guide to Running a XR Usability Study

This article is part 4 of an ongoing series, catch up on Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3 hereUnderstanding depth and volume is crucial when designing for Augmented Reality. We experience the world in more than one dimension and need to design accordingly. In this article, Ill shine a light on what 3D means in Augmented Reality. We will take a look at the components of a 3D scene, how the underlying technology works, and methods for producing 3D objects. This article is ideal for readers who want to:Create their own 3D content for ARLearn how to source 3D contentHave a better understanding about the current landscape for 3D.How can designers start learning 3D?For many years, 3D had an impossibly high barrier of entry for designers. Its long been considered a technical medium reserved for industries like visual effects, video games, and medical illustration. Adoption in design has been further blocked by a steep (and rocky) learning curve, poor user experience, and prohibitively expensive entry fees.As the need for designers with 3D skills skyrockets, however, new initiatives are emerging to make learning 3D easy, accessible, and fun for designers. One such initiative is 3D for Designers, which has become the de facto starting point for designers and illustrators who want to add 3D to their toolkit. Created and taught by design industry veteran Devon Ko, it includes both free lessons and a comprehensive 3D design fundamentals course. If you want to learn shape, form, lighting, color, and animation in 3D, I highly recommend starting here. Disclosure: Devon helps me edit this Augmented Reality on Mobile series, and Im a Teaching Assistant in her course Composition of a 3D SceneA 3D scene is composed of several objects and things that exist in x,y and z space. Some of the more common objects you will find in a scene are as follows:Mesh: A collection of points, edges and faces that describe an object. e.g.: A 3D mesh of a sphereCamera: A fixed viewpoint, as of that from a camera. e. g. : A view that is always fixed on the sphere no matter where it goes.Light: A source of illumination that creates light and shadow in the scene.e.g.: A spotlight that only exposes something in the middle of a scene. Material: contains information about how an object looks, including color, texture, and density.e.g.: A sphere that look like its made out of wood.Shader: Similar to a material but contains procedural data about how an object should look. e. g. : Creating the effect of electricity zapping away a sphere.A 3D file may also contain additional data such as animation and rigging information. A mesh by itself or with additional data is also referred to as a 3D model. Pre-Rendering vs Real-Time RenderingRendering is the process of interpreting 3D scene data into a graphic. Traditionally, 3D software has a render preview mode that can be activated to see a (typically) lower-quality preview of the final render. Depending on the hardware and complexity, a single frame can take a few seconds or even days to render. AR as a medium cannot afford a few seconds or days to show content. This medium requires the rendering to always be done instantly and in real time and therefor requires a real-time rendering solution.A real-time renderer is capable of displaying and updating information immediately. Examples of real-time renderers are Unity or Eevee.For a real-time experience to feel smooth, the frame updates should take place at about 60 frames per second (60 fps). Keeping an eye on the fps ensures that the experience mimics the real world. Common 3D content typesThere are several types of 3D extensions and formats, some are exclusive to their authoring environment whereas others are open source. The following are common and emerging formats:Object File (.obj): This is the most common and basic type of 3D file, it contains only the geometry information of an object. Most . objs are accompanied with an . mtl (material library file) that contains information about the material and textures.Filmbox (.fbx): This file format stores more than just geometry and includes scene, camera, lighting, rigging and other 3D information. It does not include textures but may sometimes have base surface color. This format is maintained by Autodesk. Collada (. dae): Similar to . fbx, but maintained by the open source community.Graphics Library Transmission Format (.glTF): The self proclaimed JPEG of 3D, glTF is an open source 3D file format supported by The Khronos Group. It can carry a diverse amount of data specially created to meet the emerging needs of web and mobile 3D. It is functionally similar to an . fbx but much smaller in size. Universal Scene Description ZIP (. USDZ): This is a zipped version of a . USD file, a format developed by Pixar to include robust and interchangeable data into a single file format. This means that you can have variations of an object in the same model instead of having several models.So whats the best file format for AR?The challenge with loading 3D objects into an AR application is that it needs to be done immediately and in real-time. The best file format is one that loads and performs as fast as possible, and thats the goal of both .glTF and .USDZ.The major conflict between these formats is that the industry has divided itself in terms of support. For example, Apple exclusively supports and encourages the use of . USDZ for ARKit applications, however Chrome does not support this format on the web and promotes .glTF.If you are considering commissioning or buying a 3D asset, my recommendation would be an .fbx since you can covert it into both .glTF and .USDZ based on your needs.Constructing a 3D object3D models are constructed in two primary ways: sculpting and modeling. Figuring out the type of object you need first will determine the software or artist that is right for the task.Sculpting: The act of deforming polygons with a brush point, similar to working with clay. This method is best for organic shapes like figures and animals. The most popular software specialized for this type of work is ZBrush and Mudbox.Modeling: Controlling every point with precision, similar to working with vectors. This method is best for hard surfaces like machines and architecture. 3D tools such as Blender, Maya and Cinema4D are capable of both types of authoring.Whichever process is chosen, it will ultimately create a mesh. A mesh is simply a collection of points, edges and faces that help describe a 3D object in space. These points, edges and faces combine to form polygons. The higher the polygon count, the smoother your 3D model will look. A higher polygon count may also impact performance and load times. This is one of the main reasons current AR games do not look as high fidelity as a game designed for a console.Sometimes, instead of creating a high polygon count mesh, a material can act as a way of introducing the same amount of detail but with a faster load time.MaterialsTheres a misconception that materials are like a layer of paint on an object. Materials are more like upholstery, they have structure and properties within themselves and can even influence the shape of a model. They can also exist separately from the mesh and be reused. The most popular tools for authoring materials are Substance Painter and Substance DesignerUV Map: When a material is applied to an object, the UV map is one way to define how it is projected on the mesh. For example, if a flat texture of the earth is applied to a sphere, without a UV map it would look like all of the continents are squished into one spot.In some cases a purchased model may not look correct, oftentimes because the materials are missing or the mapping is incorrect.Engine Specific MaterialsNot all renderers are the same, in fact, each rendering engine will have unique characteristics that will impact how something looks. For example, purchasing a model with V-Ray materials will only work if you are using the V-Ray renderer.A material may not be the only thing that affects how your model looks, the following list of properties can also influence the visualization of an object.LightingLighting does more than just brighten a dark scene, its the secret to making something look like it belongs in an environment. Incorrect lighting is one of the most obvious visual discrepancies a viewer can pick up on.Lighting can sometimes also have a greater impact on the color of an object than the materials themselves.For lighting to be believable, it needs to be accompanied by the right shadows. Our eyes are trained to recognize where an object is in space based on the cues that shadows provide. For example, natural light from the sun casts stronger directional light and shadows than artificial light.Some models come with a lighting rig which is a set of lights that mimic different studios or setups. These setups can be static or animated and can have different properties.Sometimes the lighting can be defined by a 360 image, these are called Image Based Lights (IBL) and are a cheap solution for creating realistic lighting.Many AR services use a method called lighting estimation to generate more realistic lighting and shadows. This is a method of using computer vision to understand the world around the user and then generate the correct lighting setup. This process is similar to an IBL and is constantly analyzing information so it can update to match any new changes that take place.3D ScanningWith the advancement of cameras and sensors on phones, 3D scanning is starting to pick up momentum as a viable way of generating content from a phone. One of the most common methods of scanning is using photogrammetry.An application like Meshroom can take image data from your phone and help generate a mesh so you have a 3D model.At this moment 3D scanning via phones still has some way to go since the mesh is not 100% accurate. If you do go this route, be prepared to clean up the materials and the mesh that gets generated.The good news is that mobile device manufacturers are continuously investing in better hardware and sensors, which will in turn enable even more precise scanning in the future. A time when you can instantly scan a production ready 3D asset might not be that far away. ResourcesThere are several resources that can help make it easier to get the right 3D content. Here are a few recommendations:Art Station: A resource and community for sharing work and finding professional 3D artistsTurbosquid: A paid stock site with some of the most extensive offerings of 3D models and textures.Google Poly: Thousands of free 3D assets optimized for AR/VRSketchFab: A web based service and community for viewing 3D models and finding artistsUnity Asset Store: A large offering of paid and free 3D models and extensions optimized for a real time engine. Mixamo: A free web service that automatically rigs biped models.In part five I will explore tips and tricks from the visual effects (VFX) industry that can help craft more realistic and compelling AR experiences.Thanks always to Devon Ko for the editing and Tony Parisi, Jeremy Cowles and Brendan Ford for the insights. RELATED QUESTION Can a stroke patient hope for a 100% recovery rate after 3 years? It is not 100% guaranteed that a stroke patient would recovery completely after a certain period of rehab therapy, however, according to American Stroke Association, rehabilitation is the only effective way to recover from stroke sequelaes, such as foot drop and arm paralysis problems.To regain the health and fitness, patients can choose a home-used therapy machine so that they can do rehabilitation training at home whenever they want, maximizing the utility of recovery process.Here are two of the latest and most innovative stroke rehabilitation equipments recommended:H1 Hand Rehab System2. G3 Foot Drop System.

Joseph Hellers seminal novel, Catch 22, has been adapted to the big screen before. This time around, George Clooney tries his hand at a mini series adaptation, focusing on both the surreal satire and brutality of war, seen through the eyes of bomber John Yossarian.The show opens with a naked Yossarian (Christopher Abbott) walking across the tarmac. The show quickly flashes back to his training with General Scheisskopf (Clooney) where he met his best friend, Clevinger (Pico Alexander), before shipping off to the Mediterranean theater of war. There, he finds himself stuck as Colonel Cathcart (Kyle Chandler) keeps on increasing the required mission count, overseen by a bored, unenthusiastic Major De Coverley (Hugh Laurie).The show mainly thrives on the absurdity of the situation, as well as Yossarians interaction with classic characters such as Major Major Major Major and Milo Minderbinder. As he tries repeatedly to convince the camp doctor, Daneeka, that he is certifiably insane, he finds that there is no way to prove that hes insane because the moment he wants to go home, he proves that hes sane enough to want to survive. This is the titular catch 22 that keeps Yossarian in Italy throughout the next two years.While theres plenty of harrowing firefighting (and bomb dropping) when Yossarian is on his missions, there is also plenty of R&R: Yo-Yo and his friends go sunbathing and when in Rome, they also go on dates. As Yossarian veers closer and closer to insanity, with his friends dying off one by one while he himself is promoted to Captain.The show is mostly faithful, though it tells a story that feels more futile and defeatist than the fun satire of the book.This Yossarian is more broken, resigned to his circumstances. While in the book Yossarian has a happier ending, here he still finds himself trapped in the catch 22 cycle by the end of the series: a cycle where hes free to do what he wants until hes called into a mission and gets shell shocked.As good as the show is, at times it feels a bit too safe, with Clooney applying polish to scenes that were more grimy and raw in the source material. It also labors to make long bits of dialogue seem more polished, although the transition works more often than not. The military in the show is still dehumanizing, taking a meat grinder approach to its soldiers in a bid to gain air supremacy.However, the show often makes the struggle seem more personal for Yossarian rather than an absurdist nightmare where he is as equally trapped as the others in the Air Force. Of course, this is the kind of choice you need to make to adapt a book to television. The supporting characters, however, dont get as much presence. Major Major Major Major, for instance, explains his name too many times, and while De Coverleys search for better living quarters works well in contrast to the chaos in Yossarians life, Hugh Laurie doesnt get the screentime to make more of an impact.Still, the miniseries is no mean feat, adapting a book that seems perfect for peculiar, lightning in a bottle reasons. The series ends with Yossarian up in the air with other bombers, his fate suspended in both literal and metaphorical senses. Its an ambitious undertaking, no doubt, and theres plenty to love here, from glossy, shots of the sky to a subdued, star-making turn from Christopher Abbott RELATED QUESTION Why are group homes very restrictive for people with disabilities? The state can assign foster care placements to adults with disabilities, without offering any alternatives.The locations and ratios may inhibit access to medical services, and once you are in, it is costly to pack you and your rehabilitation equipment up and launch another series of moves.Licensing has to ensure a safe environment for multiple co-habiters per the spirit of Freuds Totem and Taboo (1913). We are living in a vulnerable community and have to make regulated social compromises.Let's say that the average client would not consent to living with a raging alcoholic. public services would not plunge you into a home with an alcoholic. Licensing manages alcohol rations closely. Licensing minimizes illness, infection, behavior, which take the orderlies away from getting your critical daily routine done.The Ratio is low, so you are not going to get dressed in real time. state codes help the home keep up with operations as well as it can. if I need urgent care you'll be behind in getting up for days. The orderlies can't appear to receive public funds to compromise our health in state institutionsAdult foster homes are childproofed, per standards for juveniles in the system.

Mixed methods research is a design for collecting, analyzing and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of studies to understand a research problem. Mixed method research is becoming increasingly popular. When used together, these methods can be complimentary. Mixed methods research is a systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study for purposes of obtaining a fuller picture and deeper understanding of a phenomenon. Huey ChenUsing both Qualitative and quantitative research provide a better understanding of users than either method can provide alone. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods has gained broad appeal in public health research, for example. The key question has become not whether it is acceptable or legitimate to combine methods, but rather how they will be combined to be mutually supportive and how findings achieved through different methods will be integrated.Some research methods such as interviews and observations can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative data can be generalized to the larger population. In qualitative research subjects are selected because they have experienced the central phenomenon.Mixed methods research is a set of procedures that should be used when integrating qualitative and quantitative procedures reflects the research question(s) better than each can independently. The combining of quantitative and qualitative methods should better inform the researcher and the effectiveness of mixed methods should be evaluated based upon how the approach enables the investigator to answer the research question(s) embedded in the purpose(s) (Why the study is being conducted or is needed the justification) of the study. Newman, Ridenour Newman & DeMarco, 2003QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:Working with unfamiliar subjectsWhen data is complex ambiguous or unclearWhen you wish to understand meaningWhen you require flexibilityFor studying issues in detailQUALITATIVE ANALYSISText/Image dataCodingThemesDescriptionInterrelated themesQUANTITATIVE RESEARCHWhen the data is clearly denedWhen metrics are known When detailed numerical data is requiredWhen repeatability is importantWhen generalizable across populations is neededQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISNumeric dataDescriptive trend analysisHypothesis testing, effect size.Why Use Mixed Methods ?Together quantitative and qualitative data provide both precise measurement and generalizability of quantitative research and the in-depth, complex picture of qualitative research. To validate quantitative results with qualitative data. Finally, when outcomes to be measured are simply not enough; and need augmented interpretation and usefulness of findings.Collins, Onwuegbuzie, and Sutton (2006) identified four reasons for conducting mixed research.Participant enrichment (e.g., mixing quantitative and qualitative research to optimize the sample using techniques that include recruiting participants)Instrument Fidelity (e. g. , assessing the appropriateness and/ or utility of existing instruments, creating new instruments, monitoring performance of human instruments)Treatment integrity (e.g., assessing fidelity of intervention)Significance enhancement (e.g., facilitating thickness and richness of data)When to Use Mixed Methods ?When you want to combine the advantages of quantitive (trends, large numbers, generalization) with qualitative (detail, small numbers, in-depth). Mixed Methods should be used when you want to validate your findings or if you want to expand your quantitative finds. Its important to remember that both approaches have strengths and weaknesses RELATED QUESTION What are the latest applications of fiber optic sensors? According to a new market research report published by Credence Research Fiber Optic Sensors Market(Product Type Intrinsic Fiber Optic Sensors, Extrinsic Fiber Optic Sensors; Material Plastic, Glass; End-user Industrial, Oil & Gas, Energy & Utilities, Healthcare, Automotive & Transportation and Defense) Growth, Future Prospects and Competitive Analysis, 2018 - 2026, the global fiber optic sensors market is set to exhibit CAGR of 10.1% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2026.Browse the full report InsightsFiber optic sensing has emerged as a prevalent technology across numerous industries including healthcare, automotive, aerospace, civil, manufacturing, and energy. These sensors are capable of measuring a wide variety of parameters including strain, temperature, internal and applied loads, deflection, liquid level and more. Today, fiber optic sensors can be used to measure more than 60 parameters, availing a wide range of application areas. Fiber optic sensors are low cost, lightweight, robust, immune to electromagnetic interference and capable of functioning in harsh environments. Unlike conventional electrical sensors, fiber optic sensors can be positioned close to large EMI sources as well as structures that are prone to lightning strikes.The overall fiber optic sensors market is segmented based on product type, material, end-user, and geography. Based on the product type, the fiber optic sensors market is led by intrinsic sensors accounting for more 2/3rd of the total market value. Further, based on end-user, industrial manufacturing & processing segment leads the fiber optic sensors market. In the following years, the oil & gas segment is expected to register the highest growth rate in the market. Fiber optic sensors have offered a viable solution for well and reservoir surveillance in the oil and gas industry. These sensors are being widely deployed in the oil and gas sector for measuring temperature, chemical composition, pressure, acoustics, and strain. With rising subsea processing and increasing requirement of system monitoring, there has been a growing demand for optical fibers with longer transmission distances and higher bandwidth.On the basis of geography, North America dominated the overall fiber optic sensors market with a share of nearly 34% in the year 2017. The regional market growth is primarily governed by the presence of sophisticated industrial manufacturing & processing sector. The Asia Pacific is expected to demonstrate the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The market growth in the Asia Pacific is estimated to be supported by the rapidly growing industrial sector in China and India. Some of the major companies profiled in the report include ABB Ltd., Halliburton CO, Fiso Technologies, Inc., OMRON Corporation, OmniSens S.A., Opsens Oil and Gas, Deltex Medical Group PLC, Finisar Corporation, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Luna Innovations Inc., Ziebel AS, OptaSense (QinetiQ Company), AP Sensing GmbH, PepperlFuchs GmbH, Petrospec Engineering Inc. , Schlumberger Ltd. , AFL Group, SCHOTT AG, TE Connectivity and others.Browse the full report

Qian ZhechengA popular Chinese streaming site premiered the first two episodes of an animated series based on the life of German socialist philosopher Karl Marx on Monday to mixed reviews from viewers.Less than 24 hours after its release on Bilibili, the first installment of The Leader had received over 2.8 million views online. The seven-episode series was a collaboration between the central governments Office for the Research and Construction of Marxist Theory, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions publicity department, and a film production company based in the region to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Marxs birth, which was observed on May 5, 2018. Marxs ideas articulated in famous works such as The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital have been massively influential in China during the 20th and 21st centuries. In a ceremony honoring the philosopher in Beijing last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping called Marx the greatest thinker of modern times.Nearly 70 years after the countrys Communist Party declared the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the German socialist revered on the mainland is being reintroduced to young Chinese through popular entertainment. Last year, the TV show Marx Got It Right was debuted by state broadcaster CCTV, while the podcast Explaining Marx to the Post-90s Generation was aired on 15 radio stations in the country.Marx is now being portrayed in early episodes of The Leader as a chiseled and charismatic protagonist, though the trailer for the shows later episodes indicates that his well-recognized bearded visage is set to appear later in the series. The 23-minute first episode introduces the young Marx, who leaves his hometown of Trier to pursue higher education in Bonn and Berlin. While it paints Marx as a bright mind, the episode also delves into his drinking habit and financial problems, as well as his romance with his future wife, Jenny von Westphalen.Though Bilibili generated buzz around the anime series with a trailer in December, the shows debut has seen mixed reviews among Chinese viewers, who have paid more attention to Marxs high cheekbones and good looks than his theories.Although their intention is good and its very educational, we dont know his philosophy in-depth, which [makes this series] a bit bizarre, one Bilibili user wrote, referring to the shows producers. But Marxs contemporaries, as portrayed in the series, would beg to differ. In a eulogy for Marx in the first episode, Friedrich Engels hails his fellow philosophers groundbreaking ideas, such as his thorough examination and critique of capitalism. Marx, for starters, is a revolutionary his illustrious name and works shall prevail always and forever, Engels says. Editor: Bibek Bhandari. (Header image: A screenshot from The Leader, a 2019 animated series about the German thinker Karl Marx that is being released on streaming site Bilibili.) RELATED QUESTION What are some opportunities to innovate in healthcare from a technology perspective? New Technologies and Innovations in Healthcare Industry:Over the past few decades there is a huge growth in healthcare industry. Explosion of innovations are improving the quality of life and it increasing the life expectancy. Innovations are becoming major focus to increase efficiency, improve access, lower cost, increasing the quality, etc. Furthermore, Asia Pacific's (most) comprehensive industry platform serves the entire value chain for the medical devices market with a combined display of products and technological innovation, together with professional exchange, to serve the business, academic and scientific sectors.Chinas International Medical Equipment Fair has been keen in uniting various countries together in order to exchange innovative ideas in the health industry.The following are the equipment with technological advancement which is focused widely in the healthcare industry. Imaging Equipment In-Vitro Diagnostic Equipment Surgery and Emergency Equipment Orthopedic Devices and Supplies Medical IT Products Electro-Medical Devices Hospital Equipment Rehabilitation Equipment and Home-care Equipment Medical Optical Equipment Medical Consumables.URL:

But I still highly recommend it for the entertainment value and thought-provoking moral questions.I have a lot to say about the new Amazon Prime series Hunters.First of all, it is quite entertaining. No doubt about that especially the last episode which had a few completely unexpected twists! I love shows that totally surprise you. This one did. I think Millenials, Holocaust Deniers and others who dont know much about the Holocaust (or didnt learn much about it in school) will benefit from watching this fascinating show.We binge-watched the whole series last week. It kept our attention mainly because it was unique in many ways. It was definitely campy for a Holocaust show. Wow. Did she just use the words Campy and Holocaust in the same breath? Yep.It was a campy show about the Holocaust and Jews getting their long-awaited revenge on Nazis. The show stars Al Pacino who I normally love, especially his classic Scarface. (One of my favorite movies ever!) Most of the actors were believable and did a great job here. The script was a bit far fetched but well-written and thought-provoking for Jews and non-Jews. I especially liked the young Jonah character portrayed by actor Logan Lerman. It was interesting to watch his character turn from the innocent 19-year-old kid to ruthless revenge-seeking Nazi killer. My boyfriend Bob said while we were watching, Yep. This is the Dark Vader time!Honestly, my least favorite character was Al Pacinos Meyer Offerman who seemed to mumble far too many of his lines. I felt they were vital to the storyline but were almost incoherent at times.Sorry, Pacino. This is no Scarface performance!Also, this series does trivialize the Holocaust in many ways. I was born Jewish so this is a bit of a sore spot for me. I am not a practicing or a Religious Jew but a cultural one. Still, some of the lines in this series were downright crude and verging on cringe-worthy like when the character Lonny Flash (Josh Radnor) has to use the bathroom, he says hes going to go drop some chocolate dreidels into the Dead Sea. Overkill? Uhyea. Hunters Is an Anti-Nazi Series That Finds Actual Nazis Insufficiently Shocking?This show has already been under attack by the Auschwitz Memorial Museum. The main complaint was that the show is taking too many creative liberties with the facts and not honoring the true horrors people really suffered in the Death Camps.One critic said the director played fast and loose with the historical record. No doubt!The shows creator says he didnt want to recreate specific, real acts of trauma. All the horror scenes from Auschwitz depicted are not true. According to the shows creator David Weil, they are fictionalized accounts. Arent actual Nazi atrocities terrorizing enough? Why fictionalize them?For instance, one especially horrific scene, in the second episode features a singing competition called The Star of Buchanwald, in which concentration-camp prisoners are shot dead for going out of tune or forgetting the words to a German song until one remains.That specific sadistic act didnt happen.Another horrifying torture scene was a lifesized chess game where the prisoners were pawns placed in their respective spaces when Nazis forced them to play a game and kill whoevers spot they landed on. It was an unnerving scene but it also didnt really happen. (Similar sadistic shit did happen in the Nazi regime though.)But, one critic Charles Bramesco who is Jewish wrote the article, Why I Love the Shameless, Gory, Nazi-killing Catharsis of Amazons Hunters. He said,As a Jewish writer, the flawed and controversial new show acts for me as an oddly empowering revenge fantasyEmpowering? Well, I can understand his view too. It does feel a bit cathartic (and satisfying) to see cruel sadistic Nazis eventually get what they deserve by the hands of their Jewish gun-wielding victims!The Question of ForgivenessThe question of Forgiveness when it comes to Jews and Nazis (or even forgiveness between anyone) is an interesting one to me.(I plan to write more about this woman Eva Kor soon. She is a survivor of a Nazi death camp who recently died. Her story is the opposite of this Hunters series. She not only didnt get revenge she forgave then befriended her Nazi prison guard in this fascinating documentary Forgiving Dr. Mengele from 2006. I highly recommend this. If you want realism and intrigue watch it!)Forgiving Dr. Mengele (2006) - IMDbDirected by Bob Hercules, Cheri Pugh. With Eva Mozes Kor, Sami Adwan, Dan Bar-On, Michael Berenbaum. Eva Mozes Kor, though the show Hunters is flawed and an obvious fictional account I think it is well worth watching for the important thought-provoking moral questions it brings up. These were my final takeaways and are the questions that are still in my mind after watching this series:Do Jews have to become like Nazis (and become killers) to get their satisfying revenge?Does becoming a killer yourself make you inevitably just like them? and if so is that OK because at least youve rid the world of an undisputed evil person?Does killing a Nazi feel like some type of redemption?Would turning the other cheek or forgiving these Nazis bring a Jew any satisfaction?These are all ambiguous questions.The Deeper Moral Questions of the Series Hunters If there were moral takeaways to this story to me they would be that some things are unknowable and ambiguous, which happens to be the title of the last episode in the series Eilu vs Eilu.This is an explanation of Eilu Vs Eilu from Judaismstackexchange. com. Eilu Vsa Eilu: There are certainly absolute truths in regard to things that are known or things that are fundamental principlesWhen it comes to things that are really unknowable, the best we can do is base our understanding of them on sound principles handed down to us from Sinai. We cannot know with absolute certainty ie., we cannot know the absolute truth about) what HaShem (God) wants us to do in any given situation. Certain things are easier to determine than others . Depending on the situation, and also depending on the analysis of the applicable laws, one person can reach a different conclusion than another. That is Eilu VeEilu in a nutshell.My moms' mom (my grandma Molly) is a Holocaust survivor who had a number on her arm. She never wanted to talk about any of it. She went to her grave with her secrets. Maybe she was also contemplating some of these questions.Thanks for reading.contact: Having Recurring Nazi Holocaust Dreams in ChildhoodWhat did it mean?medium. comSOURCES:Hunters Is an Anti-Nazi Series That Finds Actual Nazis Insufficiently ShockingEvery John Mulaney Sketch on This Week's Saturday Night Live, Ranked How a Classic Children's Book Got Hijacked by does "eilu v'eilu" work out with an absolute truth?"There are 70 faces to the Torah" (Bamidbar Rabbah 13:15) There's a difference between an explanation of a Torah Memorial slams Amazon's 'Hunters' over 'human chess' sceneA memorial to one of the most infamous Nazi death camps slammed an Amazon TV series this week for depicting a made-upnypost. com. RELATED QUESTION How do I Buy Medical Equipment Spares India? You can go online and search for the suppliers but there are only a few of them in India. You can check the Medical Bazzar website; they always have the latest medical equipment and spares. Other than this, they also have hospital and clinic supplies, Ayurvedic and Home care products, and various devices for therapy. There are devices for physiotherapy such as the ultrasound unit and the TENS unit, rehabilitation equipment such as abdominal support belt, and occupational therapy equipment such as the size perception square board set. They offer discounts during the season time so you should aim to buy then.How do I Buy Medical Equipment Spares India?.

Part 2 of a series on Privacy on the BlockchainIn the second part of this series, Ill focus on financial privacy, including mixers and ring signatures. Each of these topics could warrant their own full post, so Ill stick to the high-level capabilities of each rather than diving too deep.If youre looking for privacy in cryptocurrency today, there are a few practical options, including mixing services, often called mixers or tumblers, and privacy-centric cryptocurrencies, like Monero and Zcash. Lets discuss mixers and Monero, and save Zcash for a more detailed post on zero-knowledge proofs.MixersThe basic idea behind a mixing service is nearly as old as finance itself.A group of people want to keep their financial transactions private from some observer. To do that, they combine their funds into one pool, keeping track of who is owed what on a private ledger. Think a second set of books. When those mixed funds are spent, the origin of a each payment is obscured observers see the amount paid and the recipient, but dont know which person or persons in the group authorized the payment.Now, there are clearly some issues with a scheme like this. Who keeps the ledger? Who can be trusted with the pooled funds?Lets take a closer look at how Bitcoin users have dealt with these issues.Centralized servicesBitMixer was a popular mixing service. Launched in 2014, it was a fairly literal implementation of the above scheme. Users would deposit funds directly with the service. BitMixer then broke deposits into smaller pieces, mixing them with other users funds, as well as BitMixers own reserves. Users could then withdraw new outputs, unconnected on the blockchain to their original deposits. In the middle, of course, BitMixer took a significant fee.So, who held the funds, and who kept the ledger? Both were controlled by the same centralized party a disaster waiting to happen. Exit scams are common in Bitcoin, with a rich history of exchanges and other service operators walking away with customer deposits. Even if an operator is honest, trusting a centralized party with your financial privacy means trusting them to defend your privacy from governments, hackers, and internal threats.Refreshingly, the owner of BitMixer opted for an orderly shutdown no hacks or funny business. In a post on BitcoinTalk, he (she? they?) explained that he was shutting down the service because he no longer believed privacy on the Bitcoin blockchain was an achievable goal. Coming from someone who ran a mixing service for 3 years, thats a pretty strange change of opinion. As youll see, though, strong privacy on the Bitcoin blockchain is more difficult than it appears.CoinJoinA decentralized approach to mixing, called CoinJoin, was proposed by Gregory Maxwell in 2013. Heres the idea. When user A needs to make a transaction to user B for 10 BTC, and user C needs to send user D 10 BTC, they can combine their transactions with one merged signature. Each user can publish a piece of the transaction, but neither can be spent until both pieces are put together. When they are, both B and D are paid 10 BTC each, though its not clear which sender paid which. Using CoinJoin, theres no longer a need for a third party to hold pooled funds. And because mixing happens each transaction, theres no need for a private ledger just a service to match users who want to create joint transactions.Enter JoinMarket, a decentralized Bitcoin mixing service using CoinJoin. JoinMarket keeps an order book, similar to an exchange. Makers market participants who add liquidity to the exchange offer to act as CoinJoin participants for a fee. Takers, looking to mix their coins, are paired with makers, who swap bitcoins. JoinMarket is a huge improvement over centralized mixers, but there are a number of issues with the approach in practice.De-anonymizationThe MIT Technology Review recently summarized an effort by researchers at Princeton to de-anonymize Bitcoin transactions online.They found that if a user employs 3 rounds of CoinJoin, mixing their wallet, and makes two payments to popular merchants online, the user can still be de-anonymized with 98% accuracy. Modern surveillanceHow did this happen?Since the advent of the web, the lack of a sustainable revenue model has made profiting off content creation difficult. Content creators need a way to fund their work. And while there have been attempts to provide alternative sources of revenue, the tried and true revenue model is third-party advertising. Because so many sites are powered by ads, an incredible amount of technical talent has been devoted to improving so-called ad-tech better ad delivery, tracking, and customization. Each step has been reasonable, but in the pursuit of better advertising, the modern web has been turned into an effective global surveillance apparatus.So how did the team from Princeton get these results? Easily. The team applied an existing blockchain analysis technique to identify CoinJoin transactions, and another, which they call a cluster intersection attack, to combine leaked payment details from ad trackers with blockchain information, unraveling the trail of mixed funds.In the face of cookies and trackers, privacy from mixing falls apart.Does privacy have a chance?Im an optimist. Privacy advocates are working at a disadvantage both technologically, against the ad-powered web, and increasingly socially, as the public becomes accustomed to the new normal of social media.There are a few things we can learn from this de-anonymization effort.First, users who werent mixing coins were immediately exposed. A 2% chance at privacy is better than nothing, and as they say in the lotto, you have to play to win. Few real-world users are aware of the risks of de-anonymization, and have taken steps to mitigate the threat. Mixers as a solution are poor because they dont work by default. Second, the reason this effort was possible is because so few people are involved in a mixers pool. If three people are involved in a CoinJoin transaction, a particular output must have originated from one of those three. Those are good odds for a blockchain analyst. Finally, the fact that CoinJoin transactions can be easily spotted on the blockchain is worrisome. If no one uses CoinJoin but those going out of their way to attain a higher degree of privacy, theyre a great target for hackers and blockchain analysts alike.Hiding in a crowdBetween mid-2015 and mid-2017, there were 164 million transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain. Of those, 78,697 transactions used CoinJoin.If you only take away one idea from this post, remember this privacy works best when everyone is doing it.The obvious reason is that an ideal private transaction doesnt look private. Announcing your desire for privacy, ironically, often draws attention. The best way to ensure that no transactions receive extra attention is to make sure all transactions are private a sort of inverse privacy herd immunity. The more private transactions, the less out-of-place a new private transaction appears. Theres another reason privacy advocates want privacy by default.Anonymity setsIn our discussion of mixing, we talked about two weaknesses to the common mixing scheme. Who can be trusted with pooled funds, and who keeps the private ledger orchestrating the scheme. CoinJoin and other decentralized mixing methods solve the first question, and services like JoinMarket aim to address the second.Unfortunately, theres another variable neither of these address the size of the pool. If a pool of funds is composed of 2 depositors, very little privacy is afforded. The pool is sometimes called the the privacy set, traceability set, or anonymity set. This is an important idea that will come up again and again in our discussion of privacy, and its a major flaw in many opt-in privacy schemes, including those built atop the Bitcoin network.Too small an anonymity set, and transactions can be easily unmasked using statistical analysis. Privacy by defaultTo solve these issues, we need a cryptocurrency thats private by default. Every transaction should be private, and the anonymity set of each transaction should be as large as is feasible ideally, the set would include every user of the currency.Monero is one such candidate cryptocurrency. Unlike many altcoins, Monero isnt a fork of Bitcoin. Instead, Monero is based on an alternative heritage, CryptoNote.There are a number of privacy improvements in Monero over Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, but well focus on the most notable an alternative signature scheme. Ring signaturesFor the longest time, whenever I heard a discussion about signature schemes, my eyes would gloss over. Theyre presented as a dry topic, and schemes are often introduced mathematically, burying the lede.As one of the building blocks of todays cryptocurrencies, signature schemes are incredibly important to discussions around privacy and security. They dont need to be boring, and as a user, you dont need to understand the math. Instead, we can focus on what a particular scheme claims to do, how its different from others, and the functionality it can support.Moneros privacy stems from ring signatures, which are used to sign all transactions. Ring signatures are a type of group signature, and a cousin of threshold signatures, which well discuss later in the series.Typically, a cryptographic signature proves the authenticity and integrity of a document from a single signer. This follows our intuitive understanding of signatures in the same way you might sign a check, uniquely identifying that you approve an expenditure. Group signatures work a bit differently. Instead of showing that a document was approved by a single signer, a group signature proves that one signer of a fixed group approved a document. Importantly, the scheme doesnt expose which member of the group signed.This should sound similar to CoinJoin. Instead of requiring multiple participants to sign pieces of a transaction, which can then be merged, ring signatures allow anyone in a fixed group to sign a transaction. Both offer plausible deniability which participant signed the transaction?The number of participants in a ring signature group is called the ring size. Similar to the number of participants in a CoinJoin transaction, the ring size determines the anonymity set for a signature. A small ring size means easier de-anonymization, as the team from Princeton leveraged against CoinJoin. So, is Monero the ideal private cryptocurrency? Its certainly close. There are still a few issues the community is working though.Users often choose a small ring size, weakening the anonymity guarantees of the network. A planned hard fork will address this issue in September, enforcing a minimum ring size.Ring signatures obscure the linkage between sender and recipient, but they dont obscure the amount sent. RingCT, based on Gregory Maxwells Confidential Transactions, was launched on Monero in January. Confidential Transactions obscure the amount of a transaction, replacing it with a bound range. Over 95% of Monero transactions are now protected by RingCT, which will become mandatory for all Monero transactions in September.While Monero enforces privacy by default and is a huge improvement over using a mixing service in Bitcoin, transactions still suffer from a bound anonymity set. In the next post, well discuss Zcash, a new cryptocurrency that addresses this issue, as well as zero-knowledge proofs for non-financial uses.Thanks to Laura Wallendal, Corbin Pon, Bedeho Mender, and Brayton Williams for reviewing early drafts of this story.Learn MoreFor more information about the Keep Network:Join us on Reddit. Check out our whitepaper. Read our business primer. Subscribe for email updates. Follow us on Twitter. Join our Slack. Join our Telegram. RELATED QUESTION What are some opportunities to innovate in healthcare from a technology perspective? New Technologies and Innovations in Healthcare Industry:Over the past few decades there is a huge growth in healthcare industry. Explosion of innovations are improving the quality of life and it increasing the life expectancy. Innovations are becoming major focus to increase efficiency, improve access, lower cost, increasing the quality, etc. Furthermore, Asia Pacific's (most) comprehensive industry platform serves the entire value chain for the medical devices market with a combined display of products and technological innovation, together with professional exchange, to serve the business, academic and scientific sectors.Chinas International Medical Equipment Fair has been keen in uniting various countries together in order to exchange innovative ideas in the health industry.The following are the equipment with technological advancement which is focused widely in the healthcare industry. Imaging Equipment In-Vitro Diagnostic Equipment Surgery and Emergency Equipment Orthopedic Devices and Supplies Medical IT Products Electro-Medical Devices Hospital Equipment Rehabilitation Equipment and Home-care Equipment Medical Optical Equipment Medical Consumables.URL:

Leia este artigo em portugusAltered Carbon is one of the most innovative television series.With a good dose of technology, she still mixes up some suspense and police drama, traits that leave anyone glazed in each episode.In todays article, I want to propose a slightly different reflection. The idea is that you understand the reasons that may lead you to attend the program, whether or not they relate to your business.Perhaps the analysis is much more connected to our personal than professional life.Be that as it may, bet on reading and enjoy some good information about Altered Carbon!What is Altered Carbon?Directed by Laeta Kalogridis, the same as The Island of Fear and The Terminator: Genesis, Altered Carbon takes place in a futuristic world, more specifically in the 25th century, when society has become habituated to a reality as much as strange: the exchange of bodies. Basically, the mind is digitized and stored and the soul can be transferred to another body, living several lives.The protagonist Takeshi Kovacs, a former elite guerrilla played by Joel Kinnaman, who also made House of Cards and Suicide Squad, wakes up after 250 years in another body.Transferred to this future he had tried to prevent, he relies on the difficult situation of having to adapt to the context and the new society, and is still hired by a millionaire to find out the author of his own murder, so he may have a chance to win a new life on earth. For this, he counts on the aid of an ex-serviceman, who wants to help his daughter and a robot, and of a Mexican police officer.Based on the book by Richard Morgan of the same name, Altered Carbon was launched by Netflix, and mixes several technologies already present, such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence and big data.Why watch Altered Carbon?Si fi series, also called science fiction, may not please everyone at all, especially considering the unattractive productions of the genre, but Altered Carbon seems to escape this rule. Very well produced and full of reflections on our life, society and the world, it is a good request for several reasons.Check some out!1 Social criticismIn Altered Carbon, humans are virtually products that can simply be exchanged.That way, those who have more money can easily clone and stay young forever. People with few resources depend on the government to gain new identities, which do not always correspond to their ages.Does this situation related to social classes seem close to our reality?For this is the criticism made in the series.2 TechnologyIf you have been following everything that virtual reality, artificial intelligence and big data have contributed to our reality, you will surely enjoy watching Altered Carbon. The series mixes all this and shows us again the importance of these technologies, but with something more: that flea behind the ear on where it can reach.3 A good dose of suspenseWho does not like a good suspense full of surprises?Imagine interesting a murder story involving love and betrayal, with the victim initiating the investigation into his own death.Does it seem intriguing?This is the plot of Altered Carbon!4 Inversion of valuesDo religious beliefs connect us to moral values a little more?It could be that yes, it could be that not, but what would happen in a world with total freedom?From the moment that no one dies, it is possible to rethink the question of our attitudes, do you agree?So, no sin, no final judgment, and all those beliefs that permeate society. Moreover, in the series, people become slaves of the system, to the point where they prefer to be practically products to conquer the continuity of life.Did you know more about Altered Carbon?Its worth watching!Although it is a fiction, it is full of technologies that are already part of our life, not exactly as they are shown in the series, but certainly somewhat closer.Presleyson Lima RELATED QUESTION Do you know someone who lived a minimalist lifestyle changed their minds and convert back to standard living? I lived a modest minimal lifestyle in my 20s until I had a serious accident that left me on disability for 6 months, and another year and a half of rehab. Luckily, I had insurance u2026 so I could afford to make several major purchases to recover.A top of the line king sized pillow top bed so I can sleep. A large assortment of excercise and rehabilitation equipmentA huge amount of health based kitchen tools such as food processors, automatic juicer, automatic coffee, etc. to make daily preparations easierComfortable clothingSome toys to stimulate the mind while stuck at home (synthesizers, a grand piano and cnc machine)Then I got married and we decided to have the art and music studios in the house instead of a dedicated warehouse space.Upon getting married we were gifted a gorgeous hand carved antique bedroom set from the 1800's and a lawyer's desk to setup a home office. I also found that a larger family brings more gifts of clothing, kitchenware and household items over birthdays and holidays!The goal is still one day to separate the studio and living space u2026 although my spouse thinks minimal is "stark & cold" and likes more change in life! Her view is I should just buy some land and build a minimalist container house to use as a summer vacation home u2026 but that leaves us with even more (which sorta defeats the purpose of reducing for me).There are no set rules in life.Do you know someone who lived a minimalist lifestyle changed their minds and convert back to standard living?

In most cases, the human brain learns best with good old-fashioned hands-on training. Many of us can attest to the value of learning by doing from personal experience. For this reason, mid-century educator Edgar Dales Cone of Experience suggests that a real experience is by far the most effective method of learning. Knowing the value of learning by doing, Virtual Reality developers are tackling the task of bringing VR training to any and all occupations which could benefit. We love that incorporating immersive learning within internal training procedures also provides organizations a great segue to using VR and AR for workplace tasks as well.While the applications of virtual learning are widespread, were going highlight our Top 5 Training areas which we think are particularly well-suited to VR. 1. Trades TrainingWe love watching the expansion of VR trades training because it illustrates two prominent benefits of workplace VR; safety and cost savings. Students who begin learning new skills and techniques in an immersive environment will risk fewer injuries and waste less material.2. Learning LanguagesVirtual language immersion is another excellent application of VR technology. Users can seal themselves off with tutors and conversation partners who possess endless patience and unlimited time. Immersive technology presents cost savings in this case as well, because the student can complete an entire program without engaging a real-world educator.3. Public PerformancePart of what makes VR a great training tool is the users knowledge that he or she is safe inside. In the case of public speaking, users can practice addressing a group, getting a feel for the experience while still knowing the listeners arent real. And an audience can respond in challenging ways without real life consequences for the user. The chance to practice in a safe environment may make the difference between acquiring public speaking skill or not at all for many people. 4. Medical MarvelsIf you remember the introduction of miniature cameras into the surgical world, youll no doubt be excited to follow the development of immersive medical training. In partnership with the training medical students receive through bodies donated to science, VR provides unlimited access to realistic and detailed anatomy. Students can access training again and again, achieving more repetition and improving their performance. 5. Equalizing EnforcementPolice and law enforcement professionals around the world are facing increasingly dangerous challenges and we are, quite rightly, holding them to higher standards of performance. Providing realistic training scenarios allows improved outcomes, both for a trainees capacity to understand their role and an instructors ability to evaluate progress.Does your organization have training needs? Are the costly, inefficient, and time-consuming? Consider the benefits of VR training before your next curriculum development meeting and propel your processes into the future. Stambols XR and You Series brings you a collection of snapshots of how Extended Reality technology is changing our lives.Photo Credit: undrey / Adobe StockOriginally published at Stambol Studios RELATED QUESTION What are the latest applications of fiber optic sensors? According to a new market research report published by Credence Research Fiber Optic Sensors Market(Product Type Intrinsic Fiber Optic Sensors, Extrinsic Fiber Optic Sensors; Material Plastic, Glass; End-user Industrial, Oil & Gas, Energy & Utilities, Healthcare, Automotive & Transportation and Defense) Growth, Future Prospects and Competitive Analysis, 2018 - 2026, the global fiber optic sensors market is set to exhibit CAGR of 10.1% during the forecast period from 2018 to 2026.Browse the full report InsightsFiber optic sensing has emerged as a prevalent technology across numerous industries including healthcare, automotive, aerospace, civil, manufacturing, and energy. These sensors are capable of measuring a wide variety of parameters including strain, temperature, internal and applied loads, deflection, liquid level and more. Today, fiber optic sensors can be used to measure more than 60 parameters, availing a wide range of application areas. Fiber optic sensors are low cost, lightweight, robust, immune to electromagnetic interference and capable of functioning in harsh environments. Unlike conventional electrical sensors, fiber optic sensors can be positioned close to large EMI sources as well as structures that are prone to lightning strikes.The overall fiber optic sensors market is segmented based on product type, material, end-user, and geography. Based on the product type, the fiber optic sensors market is led by intrinsic sensors accounting for more 2/3rd of the total market value. Further, based on end-user, industrial manufacturing & processing segment leads the fiber optic sensors market. In the following years, the oil & gas segment is expected to register the highest growth rate in the market. Fiber optic sensors have offered a viable solution for well and reservoir surveillance in the oil and gas industry. These sensors are being widely deployed in the oil and gas sector for measuring temperature, chemical composition, pressure, acoustics, and strain. With rising subsea processing and increasing requirement of system monitoring, there has been a growing demand for optical fibers with longer transmission distances and higher bandwidth.On the basis of geography, North America dominated the overall fiber optic sensors market with a share of nearly 34% in the year 2017. The regional market growth is primarily governed by the presence of sophisticated industrial manufacturing & processing sector. The Asia Pacific is expected to demonstrate the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The market growth in the Asia Pacific is estimated to be supported by the rapidly growing industrial sector in China and India. Some of the major companies profiled in the report include ABB Ltd., Halliburton CO, Fiso Technologies, Inc., OMRON Corporation, OmniSens S.A., Opsens Oil and Gas, Deltex Medical Group PLC, Finisar Corporation, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Luna Innovations Inc., Ziebel AS, OptaSense (QinetiQ Company), AP Sensing GmbH, PepperlFuchs GmbH, Petrospec Engineering Inc. , Schlumberger Ltd. , AFL Group, SCHOTT AG, TE Connectivity and others.Browse the full report

　　Author：MeCan Medical–ultrasound machine manufacturersThe hospital's modernization is inseparable from various advanced medical equipment, and the use of advanced medical equipment helps doctors to better judge the patient's condition. However, for medical equipment, high precision, high -priced, complex maintenance, shorter update cycle, the installation and use environment of equipment also requires relatively high requirements.In some large hospitals, medical equipment, as a fixed assets of the hospital, occupies more than half of the total asset value, and it is undoubtedly of great significance for the management of medical equipment. Preventive maintenance of medical equipment is the basis for managing medical equipment, extending the service life of medical equipment, and improving the accuracy of medical equipment diagnosis of diseases.Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the attention of medical equipment maintenance and establish and improve the management system of medical equipment in the hospital.Preventive maintenance concept: Preventive maintenance means that within a certain cycle, the device can systematically check, detect, maintain, and replace the wear parts, so that the equipment can work normally. Through preventive maintenance, the fault rate of the equipment is reduced, the maintenance time of maintenance is reduced, and the work of various tasks will be carried out smoothly.The necessity of implementation of anti -maintenance: The maintenance of medical equipment after use is essential. The implementation of preventive maintenance is to regularly maintain medical equipment. By maintaining the equipment to familiarize the structure of the device, understand the current equipment. During the maintenance process, the maintenance personnel accurately record the important conditions such as the equipment indicator and the work parameters, and then can make a rapid judgment of the fault position after recording the contrast after the medical equipment fails.Through preventive maintenance, the situation of the easy -to -wear parts of medical equipment, timely purchase parts and replace it, thereby reducing the incidence of medical equipment failure, avoiding normal examination and treatment of patients due to medical equipment failure or medical accidents. Implementation of preventive maintenance will allow medical equipment to run for a long time in a healthy state, and the service life will be extended. If you want to know more, please pay attention to the "Prun Medical Device Network", we will regularly update some new content for everyone to browse and read.

　　Author：MeCan Medical–ultrasound machine manufacturersAt present, the epidemic is still spreading globally, and international trade and economic growth have stalled. Although the exports of Chinese medical equipment remain stable as a whole, they need to be alert to relevant risks and challenges. The relevant person in charge of the Medical Institution Department of the Medical Insurance Chamber of Commerce pointed out that in the short term, due to the needs of epidemic prevention and immunity, the global market has increased its dependence on the supply chain of Chinese medical device.In the long run, the epidemic has become a catalyst for reshaping the global industrial structure. With the introduction of policies in various countries, international competition will intensify, and the competition between Chinese medical devices in the global market will be more intense.In terms of market risks, the global economic recovery will lower the ability of the international market to procure ordinary medical supplies. The surge in demand for epidemic prevention materials, coupled with the decline in the efficiency of the port work, has caused serious lag in the circulation of containers, bringing a sharp increase in international logistics costs, especially shipping. The rise in raw materials and labor costs, and the strengthening of the supervision of merchants by cross -border e -commerce platforms will further squeeze the export profits of the enterprise.In addition, due to international travel restrictions, it is difficult for engineers and sales staff to conduct promotion activities in overseas markets and after -sales service for some large -scale equipment exported equipment, and it is not conducive to market sales.Overseas market expansion also needs to focus on the impact of changes in international market regulations. For example, the European Union has implemented new medical device regulations (MDR) and in vitro diagnostic medical device regulations (IVDR), pay more attention to the clinical performance of the product, strengthen the traceability of medical device products, and pay attention to improving the transparency of patients.These will improve the management and restrictions on medical device products entering the European market accordingly, and put forward higher requirements for the industry's employees, which will bring about increased costs to Chinese export companies, extending certification cycle, and increasing compliance risks, etc. challenge.